资源描述：
《自学考试英美国家概况-第二章》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。
1、Chapter2TheOiriginsofaNation(BC4066)1.EarlySettlers(5000BC-55BC)BritainwasoriginallyapartoftheEuropeancontinent.WhenthelastIceAgeended7,000yearsago,meltingicefloodedthe'low-lyinglands,creatingtheEnglishChannelandtheNorthSea,andturningBritainintoanisland.1-ThelberiamThefirstknownsettl
2、ersofBritainweretheIberians.Atabout3000BCduringtheNewStoneAge,theseshort,darkandlongheadedpeoplecametoBritain,probablyfromtheIberianpeninsu-]a,nowSpain.Theywerefarmingfolkwhokeptanimalsandgrewcrops.Thelongbarrowswhichcanstillbefound,mostlyinthechalkylandsofWiltshireandDorset,werethei
3、rcommunalburialmounds.Moredramaticmonumentswerethehenges,themostimportanttheywereCelticpriestswhoarrivedofwhichwasStonehengeinWiltshire,constructedbefore2000BC.Exactlywhyitwasbuiltisunknownbutitmusthavehadreligiousandpoliticalsignificance-AlthoughinpopularmythologyDruidsareassociated
4、withStonehenge,muchlater.172.TheBeakerFolkAtabout2000BCtheBeakerFolkarrivedfromtheareasnowTheseforts,knownasHolla:adandtheRhineland.Thesepeopletooktheirnamefromtheirdistinctivebell-shapeddrinkingvesselswithwhichtheywereburiedincrouchingpositionsinindividualgraves.Theybroughtwiththemt
5、heartofpotterymaking,theabilitytofashionbronzetoolsandthecustomofindividualburial.theirownfarmingsocietyandbuilthillforts.TheydevelopedofwhichMaidenCastleinDorsetisoneofthefinestexamples,be-camesmallfortifiedtowns.3.TheCeltsnowFrance,BelgiumandsouthernGermany.TheCelts,atafferandfaire
6、rracethanthepeoplewhohadcomebefore,begantoarriveabout700BCandkeptcominguntilthear-rivaloftheRomans.andcentralEurope,TheymayoriginallyhavecomefromeasternTheycametoBritaininthreemainwaves.ThefirstwaveweretheGaels,whostartedtocomeabout600BC.Thesecond.waveweretheBrythons,whostartedtocome
7、about4BC.TheBelgaecameabout150BC.TheCeltsdidnotkillofftheIberians.Theydrovesomeofthemtothenorthandwest,kepttherestasslaves,andintheendthetworacesmixedtovaryingextentindifferentpartsofthecountry.TheBelgaewerethemostindustriousandvigorousoftheCeltictribes.Oneofthemostpowerfuloftheirchi
8、eftainswasCa
