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1、ARTICLESolarVaporGenerationEnabledbyNanoparticlesOaraNeumann,†AlexanderS.Urban,†JaredDay,†SurbhiLal,†PeterNordlander,†,‡,*andNaomiJ.Halas†,‡,*†‡DepartmentofElectricalandComputerEngineering,DepartmentofPhysicsandAstronomy,LaboratoryforNanophotonics,andtheRiceQuantumInstitute,RiceUniversity,6100MainS
2、treet,Houston,Texas77005,UnitedStatesABSTRACTSolarilluminationofbroadlyabsorbingmetalorcarbonnanoparticlesdispersedinaliquidproducesvaporwithouttherequirementofheatingthefluidvolume.Whenparticlesaredispersedinwateratambienttemperature,energyisdirectedprimarilytovaporizationofwaterintosteam,withamuch
3、smallerfractionresultinginheatingofthefluid.Sunlight-illuminatedparticlescanalsodriveH2Oethanoldistillation,yieldingfractionssignificantlyricherinethanolcontentthansimplethermaldistillation.Thesephenomenacanalsoenableimportantcompactsolarapplicationssuchassterilizationofwasteandsurgicalinstrumentsin
4、resource-poorlocations.KEYWORDS:plasmon.nanobubble.steam.distillation.photothermalolarenergyhasengenderedextraor-theseunusualnonequilibriumconditions,thedinaryinterestforitspotentialtopro-waterethanolazeotropeisbreachedandSvidepowerforavarietyofprocessesethanolfractionsapproaching99%are1,2withoutr
5、elyingonfossilfuels.Whilestraightforwardlyobtained.large-scalesolarthermalinstallationsareSubwavelengthmetallicparticlesarein-beingdevelopedforelectricalpowergen-tenseabsorbersofopticalradiation,duetoeration,analternativeandcurrentlyunmetthecollectiveoscillationsoftheirdeloca-needisincompactsolaren
6、ergysourcesthatlizedconductionelectrons,knownassur-drivevitalprocessesdirectly,inadditiontofaceplasmons.Whenexcitedonresonance,thegenerationofelectricalpower.Theseenergynotreradiatedthroughlightscatteringtypesofsmallerscale,stand-alonesolarisdissipatedthroughLandau(nonradiative)16energyconvertersco
7、ulddirectlyenableadamping,resultinginadramaticriseinrangeofapplications,bothinfirst-worldtemperatureinthenanometer-scalevicinitycountriesandinthedevelopingworld.oftheparticlesurface.ThisheatgenerationLight-t
