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1、AnIntroductiontoRhetoricalStructureTheory(RST)Pagina1di8[RSThomepage][introtoRST][Frenchpages][Spanishpages][tools][textgeneration][publishedanalyses][unpublishedanalyses][bibliographies][downloading].[researchtopics][emaillist][discussionarchives]AnIntrod
2、uctiontoRhetoricalStructureTheory(RST)BillMann,August1999History:RSTwasoriginallydevelopedaspartofstudiesofcomputer-basedtextgeneration.AteamatInformationSciencesInstitute(partofUniversityofSouthernCalifornia)wasworkingoncomputer-basedauthoring.Inabout1983
3、partoftheteam,(BillMann,SandyThompsonandChristianMatthiessen)notedthattherewasnoavailabletheoryofdiscoursestructureorfunctionthatprovidedenoughdetailtoguideprogramminganysortofauthor.Respondingtothislack,RSTwasdevelopedoutofstudiesofeditedorcarefullyprepar
4、edtextfromawidevarietyofsources.Itnowhasastatusinlinguisticsthatisindependentofitscomputationaluses.Texts,CoherenceandStructure:Inordinaryusage,atexthasakindofunitythatarbitrarycollectionsofsentencesorotherlanguagegenerallylack.RSToffersanexplanationofthec
5、oherenceoftexts.Butwhatiscoherence?Oneformulationofcoherenceisthatitistheabsenceofnon-sequitursandgaps.Thatis,foreverypartofacoherenttext,thereissomefunction,someplausiblereasonforitspresence,evidenttoreaders,andfurthermore,thereisnosensethatsomepartsareso
6、mehowmissing.RSTfocusesonthefirstpart--anevidentroleforeverypart.Structures:RSTisintendedtodescribetexts,ratherthantheprocessesofcreatingorreadingandunderstandingthem.Itpositsarangeofpossibilitiesofstructure--varioussortsof"buildingblocks"whichcanbeobserve
7、dtooccurintexts.These"blocks"areattwolevels,theprincipalonedealingwith"nuclearity"and"relations"(oftencalledcoherencerelationsinthelinguisticliterature.)Asecondlevelofstructures,calledschemas,isnotpresentedhere.Nucleus::SatelliteRelations:Themostfrequentst
8、ructuralpatternisthattwospansoftext(virtuallyalwaysadjacent,butexceptionscanbefound)arerelatedsuchthatoneofthemhasaspecificrolerelativetotheother.Aparadigmcaseisaclaimfollowedbyevidencefortheclaim.RSTpositsan