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1、外文文献翻译译文一、外文原文原文：InternalcontrolIntroductionThesystemofinternalcontroloverfinancialreportinginJapanundertheFinancialInstrumentsandExchangeAct(FIEA)wasimplementedasofthefiscalyearstartingonApril12008.Underthissystem,executiveofficersoflistedcompaniesareobligatedtoevaluatetheircompany'sinterna
2、lcontroloverfinancialreportingandtofiletheresultsofsuchevaluationintheformofaninternalauditreportwiththeFinancialServicesAgency(FSA).Inthisreport,executiveofficersshouldstatematerialweaknessiftheyjudgeanymaterialweaknessexistsinthecompany'sinternalcontroloverfinancialreporting.Thereportshoul
3、dalsobeauditedbyoutsideaccountingauditorsbeforebeingfiledwiththeFSA.SincemostJapanesecompanieshaveafiscalyearthatendsinMarch,June2009willbethefirsttimemostcompaniesfilesuchareport.Whentheinternalcontrolsystemwasintroduced,itmadereferencetotheSarbanes-OxleyActoftheUS.UndertheJapanesesystem,cl
4、earstandardsweresetregardingtheset-upofinternalcontrolsoverfinancialreportinginanefforttopreventthecreationofexcessivedocumentationandtocontrolcosts,twoissueswhichhadoccurredintheUS.However,evenwithsuchstandards,someuncertaintyexists.Inparticular,uncertaintyarisesregardingtheconnectionbetwee
5、nthissystemundertheFIEAandtherulesoftheCompaniesAct.FailuretosubmittheinternalauditreportorsubmissionoffalsestatementscanleadtoliabilitiesandcriminalpenaltiesundertheFinancialInstrumentsandExchangeAct(FIEA).However,ifthereisamaterialweaknessinthecompany'sinternalcontrolsoverfinancialreportin
6、gandexecutiveofficersdisclosesuchmaterialweaknessintheinternalauditreport,nosanctionswillbeimposedundertheFinancialInstrumentsandExchangeAct,norwillitdirectlyleadtothedirector'sliabilitiesundertheCompaniesAct.Rather,disclosureofsuchmaterialweaknessisthoughttobedesirable,becausebydisclosingsu
7、chmaterialweakness,acompanycanimprovethequalityofitsinternalcontroloverfinancialreporting,whichwillenablethecompanytosubmitmoreaccuratefinancialreportsinthefuture.Internalcontrolisaprocess-effectedbyanentity'sboardofdirectors,management,andotherper
