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1、TheMarginsofCityLifeTheMARGINSofCITYLIFEExplorationsontheFrenchUrbanFrontier,1815-1851JohnM.MerrimanNewYorkOxfordOxfordUniversityPress1991OxfordUniversityPressOxfordNewYorkTorontoDelhiBombayCalcuttaMadrasKarachiPetalingJayaSingaporeHongKongTokyoNairobiDaresSalaamCapeTow
2、nMelbourneAuklamdandassociatedcompaniesinBerlinIbadanCopyright©1991byOxfordUniversityPress,Inc.PublishedbyOxfordUniversityPress,Inc.,200MadisonAvenue,NewYork,NewYork10016OxfordisaregisteredtrademarkofOxfordUniversityPressAllrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmayberep
3、roduced,storedinaretrievalsystem,ortransmitted,inanyformorbyanymeans,electronic,mechanical,photocopying,recording,orotherwise,withoutthepriorpermissionofOxfordUniversityPress.LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationDataMerriman,JohnM.Themarginsofcitylife:explorationso
4、ntheFrenchurbanfrontier,1815-1851/JohnM.Merriman.p.cm.Includesbibliographicalreferences.ISBN0-19-506438--01.Suburbs—France—History—19thcentury.2.Marginality,Social—France—History—19thcentury.3.Neighborhood—France—History—19thcentury.4.Suburbanlife—France—History—19thcen
5、tury.I.Title.HT352.F8M471991307.74'0944—dc2090-34841Frontispiece:Franceinthenineteenthcentury,withprincipalcitiesandtownsdiscussedinthetext.135798642PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmericaonacid-freepaperForCarolThispageintentionallyleftblankPrefaceEarlierresearchonthecityofL
6、imogeshelpedfocusmyattentionontheroleofthefaubourgsintheemergenceofworkersascontendersforpoliticalpower.IdonotknowexactlywhenIfirstbecameinterestedintheedgeofthecity.MyexperienceswiththeworldofFrenchbanlieueswerelimited.WhenIwasdoingresearchformydissertation,Iwasfortuna
7、teenoughtohavefriendslivinginLePerreux-sur-MarneintheeasternsuburbsofParis.LivinginParisandspendingagooddealoftimeinLimoges,Gueret,andTulle,Ididnotknowmuchaboutthecapital'ssuburbsorthoseofanyotherFrenchcity.ButIhadbeenstruckbythewaysinwhichFrench,indeedEuropean,suburbsd
8、ifferedsofundamentallyfromAmeri-cansuburbs.ThesuburbsofParisseemednotonlyvast—vasterbyfarthanthecityoflightits
