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1、英语四级考试必备基础语法知识 动词时态 1)现在完成进行时态(have/hasbeen+-ing分词构成):动作或状态从过去某时开始,继续到现在,可能继续下去,也可能刚刚结束. I’vebeenwritinglettersforanhour. I’vebeensittinginthegarden. 2)过去完成进行时(由hadbeen+ing分词构成):过去某个时刻以前一直在进行的动作 I’dbeenworkingforsometimewhenhecalled. Wehadbeenwaitingforherfortwohour
2、sbythetimeshecame. 3)将来完成进行时:将来某个时刻以前一直在进行的动作. Bynextsummer,hewillhavebeenworkingherefortwentyyears. Inanothermonth’stimeshe’llhavebeenstudyinghereforthreeyears. 4)将来完成时(由shall/willhave+过去分词构成):将来某时已发生的事. Ishallhavefinishedthisonebeforelunch. They’llhavehittheyear’s
3、targetbytheendofOctober. 动词语态 可以有两种被动结构的类型,例如: Hewassaidtobejealousofhersuccess. Itwassaidthathewasjealousofhersuccess. 能同时适用于上述两个句型的主动词通常都是表示“估计”,“相信”等意义的动词,常见的有assume,believe,expect,fear,feel,know,presume,report,say,suppose,understand等. Itissupposedthattheshiphasb
4、eensunk. Theshipissupposedtohavebeensunk. 担当besupposedto与不定式的一般形式搭配时往往表示不同的意义.例如: Whyareyoudrivingsofastinthisarea?Youaresupposedtoknowthespeedtoknowthespeedlimit.(你应该晓得速度限制) 双宾语及宾补结构的被动语态 双宾语结构的被动语态:双宾语结构变为被动语态时,可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语,另一个宾语仍然保留在谓语后面,但多数是把间接宾语变为主语. Hewas
5、askedanumberofquestionsatthepressconference. Twodayswereallowedthemformakingthenecessarypreparations.第19页共19页 宾补结构的被动语态: ShewascalledBigSisterbyeverybody. Thenhewasmadeasquadleader. Hewasconsideredquitequalifiedforthejob. Theroomwasalwayskeptcleanandtidy. 短语动词 Vi+
6、adv Theplanetookofftwohourslate. Vi+prep TheylookedroundtheCathedral. Vi+prep(有被动语态) She’slookingafterhersister’schildren. Thechildrenwerealwayswelllookedafter. Vi+adv+prep Ibegantolookforwardtotheirvisits. Vt+O+adv Somewomenchoosetostayathomeandbringuptheirchil
7、dren. Thechildrenwerebroughtupbytheirmother. Theytookhimon. Vt+adv+O(无被动语态) Iamtryingtogiveupsmoking. Vt+O+prep WetalkedDonaldintoagreement. 在以as,than,when,if,unless等引导的从句中的省略:在有些状语从句中,如果谓语包含有动词be,主语又和主句的主语一致a),或者主语是itb),就常常可以把从句中的主语和谓语的一部分(特别是动词be)省略掉. Lookoutfor
8、carswhencrossingthestreet. Whentakenaccordingtothedirections,thedrughasnosideeffects. Whilethe
