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1、英语四级考试必备基础语法知识动词时态1）现在完成进行时态（have/hasbeen+-ing分词构成）：动作或状态从过去某吋开始，继续到现在,可能继续下去，也可能刚刚结束.Fvebeenwritinglettersforanhour.Fvebeensittinginthegarden.2）过去完成进行吋（由hadbeen+ing分词构成）：过去某个吋刻以前一直在进行的动作Fdbeenworkingforsometimewhenhecalled.Wehadbeenwaitingforherfortwohoursbythetimeshecame・3）将来完成进行时：将来某个时刻以前一直在进行的
2、动作.Bynextsummer,hewillhavebeenworkingherefortwentyyears.Inanothermonth'stimesheTlhavebeenstudyinghereforthreeyears.4）将来完成吋（由shall/willhave+过去分词构成）：将来某时已发生的事.Ishallhavefinishedthisonebeforelunch・TheyJIhavehittheyearnstargetbytheendofOctobe匚动词语态可以有两种被动结构的类型，例如：Hewassaidtobejealousofhersuccess・Itwass
3、aidthathewasjealousofhersuccess・能同吋适用于上述两个句型的主动词通常都是表示“估计：'相信"等意义的动词，常见的有assume,believe,expect,fear,feeLknow,presume,report,say,suppose,understand等.Itissupposedthattheshiphasbeensunk・Theshipissupposedtohavebeensunk・担当besupposedto与不定式的般形式搭配吋往往表示不同的意义.例如：Whyareyoudrivingsofastinthisarea?Youaresuppos
4、edtoknowthespeedtoknowthespeedlimit.（你应该晓得速度限制）双宾语及宾补结构的被动语态双宾语结构的被动语态：双宾语结构变为被动语态时，可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语，另一个宾语仍然保留在谓语后面，但多数是把间接宾语变为主语.Hewasaskedanumberofquestionsatthepressconference・Twodayswereallowedthemformakingthenecessarypreparations・宾补结构的被动语态：ShewascalledBigSisterbyeverybody.Thenhewasmadeasquad
5、leader.Hewasconsideredquitequalifiedforthejob・Theroomwasalwayskeptcleanandtidy.短语动词Vi+advTheplanetookofftwohourslate.Vi+prepTheylookedroundtheCathedral.Vi+prep（有被动语态）She'slookingafterhersister^schildren.Thechildrenwerealwayswelllookedafter.Vi+adv+prepIbegantolookforwardtotheirvisits.Vt+O+advSomewo
6、menchoosetostayathomeandbringuptheirchildren.Thechildrenwerebroughtupbytheirmother.Theytookhimon.Vt+adv+O（无被动语态）Iamtryingtogiveupsmoking.Vt+O+prepWetalkedDonaldintoagreement.在以as,than,when,if,unless等引导的从句中的省略：在有些状语从句中,如果谓语包含有动词be,主语又和主句的主语一致町,或者主语是itb）,就常常可以把从句中的主语和谓语的一部分（特别是动词be）省略掉.Lookoutforcar
7、swhencrossingthestreet.Whentakenaccordingtothedirections,thedrughasnosideeffects.Whiletherehejoinedinvoluntarylabouronaproject・Althoughnotyetsixmonthsold,shewasabletowalkwithoutsupport.Ifnotwellmanaged,irrigation
