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大小:254.00 KB
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时间:2018-05-23
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1、http://www.sem.tsinghua.edu.cn/ChapterEighteenTechnologyWhereAreWeintheCourse?Wehavestudiedconsumerbehavior;Wenowstudyproducerbehavior;Wewillthencombinethesetwotostudymarketequilibrium.ThreeStepstoStudyofProducerBehavior1st:Weworkonproducer’s“budgetset”,w
2、hichisthetechnologyset;2nd:Westudyproducer’s“utilityfunction”,whichishisprofitfunction;3rd:Weexamineproducer’schoice,whichishisoptimalproductionplan.TechnologiesAtechnologyisaprocessbywhichinputsareconvertedtoanoutput.Usuallyseveraltechnologieswillproduce
3、thesameproduct.Howdowecomparetechnologies?ProductionFunctionsLetydenotetheoutputlevel.Aninputbundleisavectoroftheinputlevels;(x1,x2,…,xn).Thetechnology’sproductionfunctionstatesthemaximumamountofoutputpossiblefromaninputbundle.ProductionFunctionsy=f(x)ist
4、heproductionfunction.x’xInputLevelOutputLevely’y’=f(x’)isthemaximaloutputlevelobtainablefromx’inputunits.Oneinput,oneoutputTechnologySetsAproductionplanisaninputbundleandanoutputlevel;(x1,…,xn,y).AproductionplanisfeasibleifThecollectionofallfeasibleproduc
5、tionplansisthetechnologyset.TechnologySetsy=f(x)istheproductionfunction.x’xInputLevelOutputLevely’y”y’=f(x’)isthemaximaloutputlevelobtainablefromx’inputunits.Oneinput,oneoutputy”=f(x’)isanoutputlevelthatisfeasiblefromx’inputunits.TechnologySetsThetechnolo
6、gysetisTechnologySetsx’xInputLevelOutputLevely’Oneinput,oneoutputy”ThetechnologysetTechnicallyinefficientplansTechnicallyefficientplansTechnologieswithMultipleInputsWhatdoesatechnologylooklikewhenthereismorethanoneinput?Thetwoinputcase:Inputlevelsarex
7、1andx2.Outputlevelisy.SupposetheproductionfunctionisTechnologieswithMultipleInputsTheyoutputunitisoquantisthesetofallinputbundlesthatyieldatmostthesameoutputlevely.Thecompletecollectionofisoquantsistheisoquantmap.IsoquantswithTwoVariableInputsyº8yº4x1x2yº
8、6yº2Cobb-DouglasTechnologiesACobb-DouglasproductionfunctionisoftheformE.g.x2x1Allisoquantsarehyperbolic,asymptotingto,butnevertouchinganyaxis.Cobb-DouglasTechnologiesFixed-ProportionsTechnologiesAfixed-proportions
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