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1、UnitOneTheAnglo-SaxonPeriodnI.HistoricalBackgroundnII.Anglo-SaxonPoetrynIII.Anglo-SaxonProseI.HistoricalBackgroundTheEnglishpeopleareacomplicatedrace.ThefirstinhabitantsoftheislandwerecommonlyknownastheCelts(orKelts).n55BCsawtheinvasionoftheislandheadedbyJuliusCa
2、esar.Duringtheinvasiontheseaborigines(土著人)CeltswithdrewtotheWelshandScottishmountainsandleftagreatpartofEnglandtotheRomans.nNotuntilthe5thcenturydidtheRomanswithdrew.EnglandhadbeenmadeaRomanProvincesince80AD.AstheRomanlegionswithdrew,theCeltscameback.nOriginallyt
3、henameAnglo-SaxondenotestwoofthethreeGermanic(日尔曼)tribes---Angles,SaxonsandJutes--whointhemiddleofthe5thcenturylefttheirhomesontheshoresoftheNorthSeaandtheBaltic(波罗的海)toconquerandcolonizedistantBritain.TheylivedinthenortherntopofGermanyandthesouthernpartofDenmark
4、atthattime.nThehistoricaldatethatisworthmemorizingis449AD.nThesethreeinvadingtribescametosettledown:AnglesinthenorthofThames,JutesmainlyinthesouthwestcalledKent(英国东南部郡),andSaxonsintheotherplaces.EnglishliteratureoriginatedintheAnglesandSaxonswhoformedaliterarytra
5、ditionoftheirown.nImportanthistoricalevents:1.Heptarchy(七王国):nTheinformalconfederation(联邦)oftheAnglo-Saxonkingdomsfromthefifthtotheninthcentury,consistingofKent,Sussex,Wessex,Essex,79Northumbria,EastAnglia,andMercia.2.theVikingsinvasion:nVikings,collectivedesigna
6、tionofNordic(北欧人)people—Danes,Swedes,Norwegians—whoexploredabroadduringaperiodofdynamicScandinavianexpansionfromaboutAD800to1100.nLandshortage,improvedironproduction,andtheneedfornewmarketsprobablyallplayedapartinVikingexpansion.3.KingAlfredtheGreat:nIn871,Ethelr
7、edofWessexisdefeatedbyDanishforcesJanuary4atReading,gainsabrilliantvictory4dayslateratAshdown,isdefeatedJanuary22atBasing,triumphsagainMarch2atMartoninWiltshire,butdiesinApril.nHisbrother,22,paystribute(贡物)totheDanesbutwillreignuntil899andbecalledAlfredtheGreat.4
8、.Canute(994?-1035):nKingofEngland(1016-1035),Denmark(1018-1035),andNorway(1028-1035)whosereign,atfirstbrutal,waslatermarkedbywisdomandtemperance.nHeisthesubjec