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1、Philosophy1100IntroductiontoEthicsEthics,Philosophy,Religion,andCriticalThinkingAnOverviewoftheIntroductoryMaterial:TheMainTopics1.TheOriginofPhilosophy2.EthicsasaBranchofPhilosophy3.TheNatureofPhilosophy4.TheNatureofEthics5.Meta-EthicsandNormativeEthics6.TheFo
2、cusinthisCourse7.HowCanthisApproachPossiblyWork?8.TheSocraticChallengeandtheUnexaminedLife9.SomeImportantBeliefsabouttheNatureoftheWorld10.CouldSomeofYourMostImportantBeliefsBeFalse?11.TheRelationbetweenGodandObjectiveMoralValues12.AreThereRevealedTruths?Questi
3、on1:Howmuchexposuretophilosophyhaveyouhad?A.Ihaven’treallybeenexposedtophilosophytoanyextent.B.I’veheardalittleaboutphilosophy,orI’vereadafewthingswrittenbyphilosophers.C.I’vehadonephilosophycourse,eitherinhighschoolorcollege.D.I’vehadafewphilosophycourses.E.Ic
4、ouldteachthisclass.1.TheOriginofPhilosophyPhilosophyoriginatedinGreeksociety,duringaperiodwhensciencebegan,whentherewereverygreatdiscoveriesandadvancesindeedinmathematics,achievedbypeoplesuchasPythagoras(569?-500?B.C.),Zeno(495-435B.C.),Eudoxus(408-355B.C.),Euc
5、lid(330?-275?B.C.),andArchimedes(287-212B.C.),andwhendemocracyalsooriginated.TheThreeGreatestGreekPhilosophersSocrates(469-399B.C.)Socratesdidnothimselfwriteanything.Hequestionedpeople,raisingphilosophicalissues,especiallyaboutthenatureofthegoodlife.Hewascharge
6、dwithnotrespectingthegods,andwithcorruptingtheyoung,andhewassentencedtodeath.Hediedbydrinkinghemlock.HewasPlato'steacher,andourknowledgeofSocratesisbasedmainlyuponPlato'sdialogues,especiallytheearly,'Socratic'ones.Plato(426-347B.C.)Platowrotemanydialogues.Inall
7、ofthemhisteacher,Socrates,wasthecentralfigure.Theearlydialoguesfocusuponethics,andaregenerallythoughttoprovideanaccurateaccountofSocrates'ownviews.Inlaterdialogues,however,thefigureofSocratesbecomesaspokesmanforPlato,andtherangeofphilosophicaldiscussionisgreatl
8、yexpanded:ratherthanfocusingalmostentirelyonethicalquestions,laterdialoguesaddresstopicsinmetaphysics,intheoryofknowledge,inphilosophyofmind,inlogicandphilosophyoflanguage,a
