【7A文】钻井工程英文课件1.10 Abnormal Pressure.ppt

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1、AbnormalPressure10.1-11.10-1AbnormalPressureAbnormalPressure10.1-2AbnormalPressure-Definition,Causes-NormalPorePressuresAbnormalPorePressureGradientsFractureGradientsMudWeightsCasingSeatDepthsWhatCausesAbnormalPressure?AbnormalPressure10.1-3AbnormalPressureGradientsNormalPressureGradientsWestT

2、exas:0.433psi/ftGulfCoast:0.465psi/ftNormalandAbnormalPorePressurePorePressure,psigDepth,ft10,000’??AbnormalPressure10.1-4PorePressurevs.Depth910111213141516PorePressureEquivalent,lb/gal05,00010,00015,00020,000{Densityofmudrequiredtocontrolthisporepressure}Depth,ftNormalAbormal0.433psi/ft8.33l

3、b/gal0.465psi/ft9.0lb/galAbnormalPressure10.1-5PorePressureGradientFractureGradientAbnormalPressure10.1-6*PorePressureGradients*FractureGradients*CasingSettingDepthsAbnormalPressure10.1-7SomeCausesofAbnormalPressure1.IncompletecompactionofsedimentsFluidsinsedimentshavenotescapedandarestillhelp

4、ingtosupporttheoverburden.2.TectonicmovementsUpliftFaultingAbnormalPressure10.1-8SomeCausesofAbnormalPressure3.AquifersinMountainousRegionsAquiferrechargeisathigherelevationthandrillingriglocation.4.Chargedshallowreservoirsduetonearbyundergroundblowout.5.Largestructures...AbnormalPressure10.1-

5、9HIGHPRESSURENORMALPRESSUREThick,impermeablelayersofshale(orsalt)restrictthemovementofwater.Belowsuchlayersabnormalpressuremaybefound.AbnormalPressure10.1-10HIGHPRESSURENORMALPRESSUREHydrostaticpressuregradientisloweringasoroilthaninwater.AbnormalPressure10.1-11Whencrossingfaultsitispossibleto

6、gofromnormalpressuretoabnormallyhighpressureinashortinterval.AbnormalPressure10.1-12Well“A”foundonlyNormalPressure...AbnormalPressure10.1-13sOB=p+sZsobpszAbnormalPressure10.1-14?AbnormalPressure10.1-15IndicationsofAbnormalPorePressuresMethods:1.Seismicdata2.Drillingrate3.Sloughingshale4.Gasuni

7、tsinmud5.Shaledensity6.ChloridecontentAbnormalPressure10.1-16IndicationsofAbnormalPorePressuresMethods,cont’d:7.ChangeinMudproperties8.TemperatureofMudReturns9.Bentonitecontentinshale10.Paleoinformation11.Wire-linelogs12.MWD-LWDAbnormal