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1、ARTIFICIALBLACKHOLESMarioNovelloMattVisserGrigoriVolovikWorldScientificARTIFICIALBLACKHOLESThispageisintentionallyleftblankARTIFICIALBLACKHOLESEditorsMarioNovelloCentraBrasileirodePesquisasFisicasMattVisserVictoriaUniversityofWellingtonGrigoriVolovikHelsinkiUniversityofTechnolo
2、gyEtLandauInstituteforTheoreticalPhysics,©WorldScientificmNewJersey•London•Singapore•HongKongPublishedbyWorldScientificPublishingCo.Pte.Ltd.POBox128,FarrerRoad,Singapore912805USAoffice:SuiteIB,1060MainStreet,RiverEdge,NJ07661UKoffice:57SheltonStreet,CoventGarden,LondonWC2H9HEBr
3、itishLibraryCataloguing-in-PublicationDataAcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary.CoverillustrationbyEnriqueArillaARTIFICIALBLACKHOLESCopyright©2002byWorldScientificPublishingCo.Pte.Ltd.Allrightsreserved.Thisbook,orpartsthereof,maynotbereproducedinanyformorb
4、yanymeans,electronicormechanical,includingphotocopying,recordingoranyinformationstorageandretrievalsystemnowknownortobeinvented,withoutwrittenpermissionfromthePublisher.Forphotocopyingofmaterialinthisvolume,pleasepayacopyingfeethroughtheCopyrightClearanceCenter,Inc.,222Rosewood
5、Drive,Danvers,MA01923,USA.Inthiscasepermissiontophotocopyisnotrequiredfromthepublisher.ISBN981-02-4807-5Thisbookisprintedonacid-freepaper.PrintedinSingaporebyUto-PrintPrefaceThisisabookaboutartificialblackholes.Specifically,itisbasedonthepremisethatworkingwithgravitationalblack
6、holesinthelaboratoryappearstobeimpossiblydifficult.Becauseofthis,considerableattentionisnowturningtothepossibilityofsimulatingblackholesinthelaboratoryusingvarious"analoguemodels",typicallybasedoncondensedmatterphysics.Theconnectionwithgravityisthatthepropagationofphotonsandqua
7、si-particlesinamediumcanoftenbephrasedintermsofan"effectivemetric",usingthesamemathematicaltoolsasgeneralrelativity(Einsteingravity).Condensedmattersystemscanthereforeprovideanaloguesofquantumfieldeffectsincurvedspacetimebackgrounds,andtheyalsosuggestpossibilitiesforspacetimest
8、ructureatshortdistancesthatmightemergefromthecur•rentl
