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1、THELUCENTLIBRARYOFSCIENCEANDTECHNOLOGYBlackHolesbyDonNardoSanDiego•Detroit•NewYork•SanFrancisco•Cleveland•NewHaven,Conn.•Waterville,Maine•London•MunichOncover:Ofthethreebrightdotsinthemiddleofthisphotoofthecenterofourgalaxy,theoneontheleft,knownasSagitta
2、riusA*,isthoughttobeasupermassiveblackhole.©2004byLucentBooks.LucentBooksisanimprintofTheGaleGroup,Inc.,adivisionofThomsonLearning,Inc.LucentBooks®andThomsonLearning™aretrademarksusedhereinunderlicense.Formoreinformation,contactLucentBooks27500DrakeRd.Fa
3、rmingtonHills,MI48331-3535OryoucanvisitourInternetsiteathttp://www.gale.comALLRIGHTSRESERVED.Nopartofthisworkcoveredbythecopyrighthereonmaybereproducedorusedinanyformorbyanymeans—graphic,electronic,ormechanical,includingphotocopying,recording,taping,Webd
4、is-tributionorinformationstorageretrievalsystems—withoutthewrittenpermissionofthepublisher.LIBRARYOFCONGRESSCATALOGING-IN-PUBLICATIONDATANardo,Don,1947–Blackholes/byDonNardo.p.cm.—(TheLucentlibraryofscienceandtechnology)Summary:Discussesthehistoryandcurr
5、entstateofscientificunderstandingofblackholes,exploringwhattheyare,howtheyareformed,potentialuses,andwhattheytellusaboutthefateoftheuniverse.Includesbibliographicalreferences.ISBN1-59018-101-8(alk.paper)1.Blackholes(Astronomy)—Juvenileliterature.[1.Black
6、holes(Astronomy)]I.Title.II.Series.QB843.B55N372004523.8'875—dc222003015069PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmericaTableofContentsForeword4Introduction7FacingtheUltimateUnknowableChapter112GravityandEarlyPredictionsofBlackHolesChapter226DyingStarsandtheFormatio
7、nofBlackHolesChapter340PropertiesandPotentialUsesofBlackHolesChapter454DetectingBlackHolesThroughIndirectMeansChapter567GiantBlackHolesandtheFateoftheUniverseChapter680CanBlackHolesBeUsedasCosmicGateways?Notes93Glossary96ForFurtherReading99MajorWorksCons
8、ulted101AdditionalWorksConsulted103Index106PictureCredits111AbouttheAuthor112Foreword“Theworldhaschangedfarmoreinthepast100yearsthaninanyothercenturyinhistory.Thereasonisnotpoliticaloreconomic,buttechnological—technologies