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时间:2018-12-29
《drosophila innate immunity an evolutionary perspective 》由会员上传分享,免费在线阅读,更多相关内容在学术论文-天天文库。
1、REVIEWDrosophilainnateimmunity:anevolutionaryperspectiveJulesA.HoffmannandJean-MarcReichhartInresponsetomicrobialinfections,DrosophilaApproximately45,000extantvertebratespeciesmakeuseofboththemountsamultifacetedimmuneresponseinvolv-innateandtheadaptivearmsinthe
2、irimmunedefenses.Whereasadap-tiveimmunityhasattractedpracticallyalltheattentionofimmunolo-inghumoralreactionsthatculminateinthegistsoverthelastfewdecades,innateimmunityhasonlyrecentlyre-destructionofinvadingorganismsbylyticpep-emergedasasubjectofinterest.Drosop
3、hilacanbelargelycreditedfortides.Thesedefensemechanismsareactivatedrejuvenatingthisinterest.Havingnoadaptiveimmuneresponseandviatwodistinctsignalingpathways.Oneofbeing,likemostinvertebrates,highlyresistanttomicrobialinfections,Drosophilaisparticularlywellsuited
4、tothestudyofinnateimmunity.these,theTollpathway,controlsresistancetoThepowerfultoolofmoleculargenetics,togetherwiththefullyfungalandGram-positivebacterialinfections,sequencedgenome,meanDrosophilaisprobablythebestmodelavail-whereastheImdpathwayisresponsibleforab
5、letodatewithwhichtoinvestigatetheminutiaeofprototypicaldefenseagainstGram-negativebacterialinfec-innateimmunity.WewillreviewhereourpresentknowledgeofDrosophilaimmunedefenseandhighlightitssimilaritiestotheevolv-tions.Currentevidenceindicatesthatrecogni-ingpictur
6、eofmammalianinnateimmunity.tionofinfectiousnonselfagentsresultsfrominteractionsbetweenmicrobialwallcompo-ThegeneralpictureofDrosophilahostdefenseTheDrosophilahostdefenseisamultifacetedprocess.Theepithe-nentsandextracellularpatternrecognitionpro-lialsurfacesofth
7、ebodyserveasfirst-linedefensesagainstmicroor-teins.Wediscusshereevolutionaryperspectivesganisms.Theepidermis—thecellsofthedigestiveandgenitalonourpresentunderstandingoftheantimicro-tracts—ofthetracheaeandoftheMalpighiantubulesallproduceantimicrobialpeptides,whi
8、chinhibitmicrobialgrowth7–9.bialdefensesofDrosophila.Microorganismsthathavesucceededinenteringthegeneralbody©2002NaturePublishingGrouphttp://immunol.nature.comcavity(calledt
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