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1、听力原文2006Part1,ListeningComprehensionSECTIONAMINI-LECTUREGoodmorning!Intoday'slectureweshalldiscusswhatmeaningisinliterary,works.Whenwereadnovels,poems,etc.,weinvariablyaskourselvesaquestion—thatis,whatdoesthewritermeanhere?Inotherwords,weareinterestedinfindin
2、goutthemeaning.Butmeaningisadifficultissueinliterature.Howdoweknowwhataworkofliteratureissupposedtomeanorwhatitsrealmeaningis?I'dliketodiscussthreewaystoexplainwhatmeaningis.No.1,meaningiswhatisintendedbytheauthor.(Q1)No.2,meaningiscreatedbyandcontainedinthet
3、extitself.AndNo.3,meaningiscreatedbythereader.Now,let'stakealookatthefirstapproach—thatis,meaningiswhatisintendedbytheauthor.Doesaworkofliteraturemeanwhattheauthorintendedtomean?Andifso,howcanwetell?Ifalltheevidencewehaveisthetextitselfandnothingelse,wecanonl
4、yguesswhatideastheauthorhadaccordingtoourunderstandingofliteratureandworld.Inordertohaveabetterideaofwhatonepar¬ticularauthormeansinoneofhisworks;Isuggestthatyoudothefollowing:First,gotothelibraryandreadotherworksbythesameauthor.(Q2)Secondgettoknowsomethingab
5、outwhatsortofmeaningsseemtobecommoninliteraryworksinthatparticulartraditionand.atthattime.Inotherwords,weneedtofindoutwhattheliterarytrendswereinthosedays.(Q3)Andlast,gettoknowwhatweretheculturalvaluesandsymbolsofthetime.Iguessyoucanunderstandtheauthor'smeani
6、ngmuchmoreclearlyafteryoudotherelatedbackgroundresearch.Now,let'smoveontothesecondapproachtomeaning—thatis,meaningiscreatedbyandcon¬tainedinthetextitself.Doesthemeaningexistinthetext?Somescholarsarguethattheformalprop¬ertiesofthetextlikegrammar,diction,usesof
7、imageandsoonandsoforth,containandproducethemeaning,(Q4)sothatanyeducatedorcompetentreaderwillinevitablycometomoreorlessthesameinterpretationasanyother.As.farasIamconcerned,themeaningisnotonlytobefoundintheliterarytraditionsandgrammaticalconventionsofmeaningbu
8、talsointheculturalcodeswhichhavebeenhandeddownfromgenerationtogeneration.(Q5)Sowhenweandotherreaders,inclu¬dingtheauthoraswell,aresaidtocomeupwithsimilarinterpretations.Thatkindofagreemen
