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1、非谓语动词的运用与比较不定式动名词分词非谓语动词1非谓语动词的词性及句法功能a.动词:Torunfast状语Tosmokeacigarette宾语Feelinghungry表语1。非谓语动词的词性及句法功能2。句法功能的区别:3。非谓语动词的形式4。非谓语动词的复合结构b.其它词性:词性在句中成分名形副主宾表宾补定状不定式分词动名词√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√XXXX2.句法功能的区别:1主语动名词不定式Inmanycountries,shakingone’sheadmeans“no”andnoddingmeans“yes”.Tow
2、riteasciencefictionishiswish.It’sdangeroustoplay/playingwithfire.1.两者作主语一般可以通用,意义没有多大差别。2.不定式一般表示特定的,具体的行为,特别是表将来的一次行为;动名词常表示抽象的,一般的行为。Itisnouse_______(argue)withhimaboutthat.arguing3.在含有no,-less,常用动名词短语作主语。Eg.Itisnousedoing….;Itisuselessdoing…Itisnogooddoing…;Itisnohelpdoing
3、…2.表语不定式动名词分词Thestoryismoving.Awayofsaying“Iamhungry”ispattingthestomachbeforeameal.Mytaskthisclassistoteachyouhowtograspthegrammar.现在分词作表语表示主语的特征,相当于形容词,因此它前面可用very,quite或表示比较意义的more,most来修饰;动名词作表语说明主语的内容,可以与句中的主语交换位置。由于动名词具有明显的名词特征,故不能用以上表示程度或比较意义的词修饰。不定式则表示某一次具体的行为,类似于作主语。
4、Hishobbyisplayingfootball.Or:Playingfootballishishobby.Thevolleyballmatchwewatchedwasveryexciting.2.动名词作表语时,该句的主语有很大的局限性,主要是job,work,task,duty,wish,happiness,等;现在分词作表语时的主语范围广泛得多。HeTheThescientificnovelToreadanovelatthemomentWhathesaidisinteresting.3.宾语动名词不定式根据习惯搭配和语义区分习惯接动名词作
5、宾语的有:mind,finish,enjoy,avoid,risk,consider,practise,suggest,advise,miss,appreciate,imagine,putoff,keep(on),giveup,insist,beusedto,lookforwardto,stickto,devoteone’slifeto,bebusy,beworth,can’thelp,excuse,escape,admit(承认),delay,keep,risk,objectto(反对),payattentionto,etc.习惯于后接动词不定
6、式而不接动名词作宾语的动词有:want,wish,hope,expect,promise,pretend,decide,manage,refuse,learn,agree,plan,offer,long,demand,help,manage,prepare,learn,determine,prefer,intend,etc.动名词与不定式的不同含义:beafraidtodo不敢、害怕、胆怯去做某事beafraidofdoing担心、恐怕出现Weareneverafraidtolaydownourlivesfortherightcause.为了正义
7、的事业我们绝不怕牺牲自己的生命。Shewasafraidofwakingherhusbandup.2)forgettodosth.忘记去做某事(未做)forgetdoingsth.忘记做过了某事(已做)Thelightintheofficeisoff.Itwasshewhoturneditoff,butsheherselfforgot_______(turn)itoff.Thelightintheofficeisstillon.Sheforgot______(turn)itoff.3)remembertodosth.记着去做某事(未做)remem
8、berdoingsth.记着做了某事(已做)Doyouremember______(meet)meatapartylastyear?Yo