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1、Proverbs,IdiomsandSayingsDefinitionofProverbSayingsomethingwilloften,orevennormally,producecertainconsequentialeffectsuponthefeelings,thoughts,oractionsoftheaudience,orofthespeaker,orofotherpurposeofproducingthem…Weshallcalltheperformanceofanactofthiskindtheperformanceofape
2、rlocutionaryact.ProverbsandcultureInorderthatEnglishproverbsmaybeutilizedinanappropriatefashionbyChinesespeakersofEnglishitisimportantthatthenon-nativespeakerunderstandtheculturalfoundationbehindthephonological,lexical,andsyntacticstructureofsuchutterances.DirectiveandNon-d
3、irectiveProverbs (指令性的和非指令性的谚语)DirectiveactisdescribedbyBachandHarnishas“theactthatexpressthespeaker’sattitudetowardsomeprospectiveactionbythehearerandhisintentionthathisutterance,ortheattitudeitexpress,betakenasareasonforthehearer’saction.”DirectiveandNon-directiveProverbs
4、Non-directive:theactthatexpressthespeaker’sbeliefandhisintentionordesirethatthehearerhaveorformalikebelief.Non-directivescanbefurtherclassifiedintothreecategoriesbasedoncontentorsyntacticform:MoralAphorisms,Homilies,andAphoristicSentences.(非指令性的谚语可以分为有道德寓意的警句、基于常识的格言以及句子结构不
5、完整的警句式的句子)ThemainfeaturesofChineseproverbs1.theimmensenumber:foralmostallconceivablesituations2.thedistinctiveChinesequality3.thenumberreflectingsocialinequalitiesandthefeelingsofthosedeprivedandoppressed.4.theinfluenceofBuddhismonChinesecustomsandthinking5.focusonsocialhar
6、mony,orbrotherhood.中英文谚语相似的指令性谚语1.三思而后行Lookbeforeyouleap---WhiletheEnglishproverbisorientedtowardphysicalaction,“leap”and“look”,constitutingthree-dimensionalimagery,theChinesesayingismathematicallylinear:“thrice”andnon-physical:“think”,amorestaticimagery.2.教不严师之惰（玉不琢不成器）Spa
7、retherodandspoilthechildTheoldestversionofthisproverbisintheOldTestamentoftheBible(Proverbs23:34):“Hethatsparethhisrodhatethhisson;buthethatlovethhimchastenthhimbetimes.”SamuelButlerwrotethefollowingcouplet:“Loveisaboybypoetsstyled;/Thensparetherod,andspoilthechild.”3.夜长梦多D
8、on’tcountyourchickensbeforetheyarehatched.4.孤注一掷Don’tputallyoureggsinonebasket5.打草
