4、菌药物PK的特殊性CritCare Med 2009; 37: 840 –851重症患者分布容积增加导致血液及组织药物浓度降低细菌耐药机制Loss of porinsβ‐lactamasesTransmembrane efflux pumpAntibiotic‐modifying enzymesTarget site mutationsRibosomal mutations or modificationsMetabolic bypass mechanismsMutation in the lipopolysaccharideN EnglJ Med 2010;362:1804‐13.保证疗