翻译理论与实践

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1、ChapterTwo:Translation:TheoryandPracticePart1．UnderstandingofTranslation1.Definitionoftranslation:Definitionsofpropertranslatingarealmostnumerousandvariedasthepersonswhohaveundertakentodiscussthesubject.Thisdiversityisinasensequiteunderstandable;fortherearevastdiffe

2、rencesinthematerialstranslated,inthepurposesofthepublication,andintheneedsoftheprospectiveaudience.Moreover,livelanguagesareconstantlychangingandstylisticpreferencesundergocontinualmodification.Thusatranslationacceptableinoneperiodisoftenquiteunacceptableatalatterti

3、me.(EugeneNida)vTranslationistheexpressioninonelanguage(ortargetlanguage)ofwhathavebeenexpressedinanother,sourcelanguage,preservingsemanticandstylisticequivalence.(Dubois.J.etal)vTranslationiscraftconsistingintheattempttoreplaceawrittenmessageand/orstatementinonelan

4、guagebythesamemessageand/orstatementinanotherlanguage.(PeterNewmark)v翻译是运用一种语言把另一种语言所表达的思维内容准确而完整地重新表达出来的语言活动。（张培基）v把已说出或写出的话的意思用另一种语言表达出来的活动。（季羡林、许国璋）v翻译是将一种语言文字所蕴含的意思用另外一种语言文字表达出来的文化活动。（王克非）2.Translationprinciples:A.F.Tytler’sthreelawsoftranslation:1)Thetranslatio

5、nshouldgiveacompletetranscriptoftheideasoftheoriginalwork.2)Thestyleandmannerofwritingshouldbeofthesamecharacterwiththatoftheoriginal.3)Thetranslationshouldhavealltheease(流畅自然)oftheoriginal.严复：信达雅Faithfulness/expressiveness/elegance.The“threecharacterguide”isregarde

6、dasaplumb-linetomeasuretheprofessionalleveloftranslating.傅雷：神似Spiritualconformity.Emphasizingthereproductionofthespiritortheflavoroftheoriginal.钱钟书：化境Sublimedadaptation.Focusonthetranslator’ssmoothandidiomaticChineseversionforthesakeoftheChinesereader.刘重德：信、达、切Faith

7、fulness/expressiveness/closeness.Part2:AccomplishmentsofTranslators1.Roleoftranslator:A.Communicator（沟通者）Thetranslator,astheexpertcommunicator,isatthecrucialcenterofalongchainofcommunicationfromoriginalinitiatortoultimatereceiverofamessage:ahumanlinkacrossaculturalf

8、rontier.（Schaffner)译者作为沟通专家，处于信息始发者与信息接受者这个长长交际链的关键中心位置，是穿越文化疆界的人性连接纽带。B.Negotiator（谈判者）Thetranslatorisengagedinnegotiatingwiththesourcete