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1、现在分词和过去分词的用法1分词在句子中作状语,可以表示时间、条件、原因、结果、让步、伴随等。分词做状语时,它的逻辑主语与句子的主语一致。作状语的分词相当于一个状语从句。Hearingthenews,theyalljumpedwithjoy.Usingwhatyouknowofwordstemsandwordformations,youcanmakeaguessatthemeaningofanewword.Thestudentswentoutoftheclassroom,laughingandtalking.
2、Accompaniedbyhisfriend,hewenttotherailwaystation.Givenbetterattention,theplantscouldgrowbetter.Helookedtiredanddepressed,visiblydisturbedbythenewsofhismother'sillness.分词在句子中作状语,使用何种分词,要取决于分词与句子主语的关系:主谓关系用现在分词,动宾或被动关系用过去分词。Notshavingenoughhands,weturnedtoth
3、emforhelp.(wedon'thaveenoughhands).Taughtbymistakesandsetbacks,wehavebecomewiserandhandledouraffairsbetter.(Wearetaught/teachus).InspiredbytheInternational,theworkingpeopleofallcountrieshavebeenfightingfortheirfinalliberation.(Theworkingpeoplewereinspired/
4、inspiretheworkingpeople)____theearthtobeflat,manyfearedthatColumbuswouldfallofftheedge.(96,6)A)HavingbelievedB)BelievingC)BelievedD)Beingbelieved意为:相信地球是平的,许多人担心哥伦布会从边上掉下去。许多人与相信之间是主谓关系,及分词与主语之间为主谓关系,因此,应用现在分词。Nomatterhowfrequently__,theworksofBeethovenalw
5、aysattractlargeaudiences.(95,6)A)performingB)performedC)tobeperformedD)beingperformed句中贝多芬的作品被反复表演,可见分词与句子的主语之间是被动关系,应该用过去分词。____asitwasatsuchatime,hisworkattractedmuchattention.(96,1)A)BeingpublishedB)PublishedC)PublishingD)Tobepublished句中as引导的是让步状语从句,意为:
6、他的作品尽管在被这样的时候出版,还是引起了关注,可见分词与句子的主语之间是被动关系,应该用过去分词。2“while(when,once,until,if,though等连词)+分词”结构现在分词或过去分词作状语时,有时可以在分词前加while,when,once,although,until,if等连词。Whenleavingtheairport,shewavedagainandagaintous.Whilewaitingforthetrain,Ihadalongtalkwithmysisterabouth
7、erwork.Oncerecovered,hethrewhimselfintohisworkandmadeeveryefforttodoitwell.Althoughworkingveryhard,hefailedtopassthefinalexam.Iftranslatedwordbyword,thepassagewillbedifficulttounderstand.3分词作定语分词作定语时,单个的分词通常放在被修饰的名词之前,分词短语一般置于所修饰的中心词后面。现在分词修饰的是发出该动作的名词(即与名
8、词有主谓关系),过去分词修饰承受该动作的名词(即与名词是动宾关系)。Wewillgoonwithourexperimentassoonaswegettheaddedfund.Thisisreallyanexhaustingdaytoallofus!Wecanseethepartofthemoonlightedbysunlight.Afteranightspentinexcitementandsleeplessne