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1、现在分词和过去分词的区别和用法今天我们要学习的语法是:现在分词和过去分词的区别和用法。我们先看看现在分词和过去分词主要差别在于:现在分词表示“主动和进行”,过去分词表示“被动和完成”(不及物动词的过去分词不表示被动,只表示完成)。分词可以有自己的状语、宾语或逻辑主语等。 表示伴随1.分词作状语分词在句子中作状语,可以表示时间、条件、原因、结果(补充说明)、让步、伴随等。分词做状语时,它的逻辑主语与句子的主语一致。作状语的分词相当于一个状语从句。Eg. Hearingthenews,theyalljumpedwithjoy.Usin
2、gwhatyouknowofwordstemsandwordformations,youcanmakeaguessatthemeaningofanewword.Thestudentswentoutoftheclassroom,laughingandtalking.Accompaniedbyhisfriend,hewenttotherailwaystation.Givenbetterattention,theplantscouldgrowbetter.Helookedtiredanddepressed,visiblydisturbe
3、dbythenewsofhismother'sillness. 分词在句子中作状语,使用何种分词,要取决于分词与句子主语的关系:主谓关系用现在分词,动宾或被动关系用过去分词。 Eg. Notshavingsenoughhands,weturnedtothemforhelp.(wedon'thaveenoughhands) Taughtbymistakesandsetbacks,wehavebecomewiserandhandledouraffairsbetter.(wearetaught/teachus)Inspiredby
4、Leifeng,thepeopleinChinaworkedveryhardtoachievetheirmodernization.____theearthtobeflat,manyfearedthatColumbuswouldfallofftheedge.(CET-41996,6)A)Havingbelieved B)Believing C)Believed D)Beingbelieved本句意思为:相信地球是平的,许多人担心哥伦布会从边上掉下去。许多人与相信之间是主谓关系,及分词与主语之间为主谓关系。 Nomatterho
5、wfrequently____,theworksofBeethovenalwaysattractlargeaudiences.(CET-41995,6)A) performing B)performed C)tobeperformed D)beingperformed本句中贝多芬的作品被反复表演,可见分词与句子的主语之间是被动关系,应该用过去分词,故答案为B.____asitwasatsuchatime,hisworkattractedmuchattention.(CET-41996,1) A)Beingpublishe
6、dB)PublishedC)PublishingD)Tobepublished 2)“while(when,once,until,if,though等连词)+分词”结构现在分词或过去分词作状语时,有时可以在分词前加while,when,once,although,until,if等连词。 Eg. Whenleavingtheairport,shewavedagainandagaintous.Whilewaitingforthetrain,Ihadalongtalkwithmysisteraboutherwork. 2.分词作
7、定语分词作定语时,单个的分词通常放在被修饰的名词之前,分词短语一般置于所修饰的中心词后面。现在分词修饰的是发出该动作的名词(与名词有主谓关系),过去分词修饰承受该动作的名词(与名词是动宾关系)。 Eg. Thisisreallyan exhausting daytoallofus! Wecanseethepartofthemoon lighted bysunlight. Afteranight spent inexcitementandsleeplessness,Iforcedmyselftotakealongwalkalong
8、thebeachthenextday.Moreandmore developing countriesestablishedstrategicpartnershipwith developed countries.Theyoung sitting