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1、Theresearchofdigitalimageprocessingtechnique1IntroductionInterestindigitalimageprocessingmethodsstemsfromtwoprincipalapplicationareas:improvementofpictorialinformationforhumaninterpretation;andprocessingofimagedataforstorage,transmission,andrepresentationforautonomou
2、smachineperception.Thischapterhasseveralobjectives:(1)todefinethescopeofthefieldthatwecallimageprocessing;(2)togiveahistoricalperspectiveoftheoriginsofthisfield;(3)togiveanideaofthestateoftheartinimageprocessingbyexaminingsomeoftheprincipalareainwhichitisapplied;(4)t
3、odiscussbrieflytheprincipalapproachesusedindigitalimageprocessing;(5)togiveanoverviewofthecomponentscontainedinatypical,general-purposeimageprocessingsystem;and(6)toprovidedirectiontothebooksandotherliteraturewhereimageprocessingworknormallyisreporter.1.1WhatIsDigita
4、lImageProcessing?Animagemaybedefinedasatwo-dimensionalfunction,f(x,y),wherexandyarespatial(plane)coordinates,andtheamplitudeoffatanypairofcoordinates(x,y)iscalledtheintensityorgrayleveloftheimageatthatpoint.Whenx,y,anddigitalimage.Thefieldofdigitalimageprocessingrefe
5、rstoprocessingdigitalimagesbymeansofadigitalcomputer.Notethatadigitalimageiscomposedofafinitenumberofelements,eachofwhichhasaparticularlocationandvalue.Theseelementsarereferredtoaspictureelements,imageelements,pels,andpixels.Pixelisthetermmostwidelyusedtodenotetheele
6、mentsofadigitalimage.WeconsiderthesedefinitionsinmoreformaltermsinChapter2.Visionisthemostadvancedofoursenses,soitisnotsurprisingthatimagesplaythesinglemostimportantroleinhumanperception.However,unlikehumanwhoarelimitedtothevisualbandoftheelectromagnetic(EM)spectrum,
7、imagingmachinescoveralmosttheentireEMspectrum,rangingfromgammatoradiowaves.Theycanoperateonimagesgeneratedbysourcesthathumanarenotaccustomedtoassociatingwithimage.Theseincludeultrasound,electronmicroscopy,andcomputer-generatedimages.Thus,digitalimageprocessingencompa
8、ssesawideandvariedfieldofapplication.Thereisnogeneralagreementamongauthorsregardingwhereimageprocessingstopsandotherrelatedareas,su
