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1、IPA&KK对照表IPA:国际音标48个元音:20个,辅音:28个区别:1书写形式的不同.如:i:(IPA)------i(K.K.)等.2.发音的个别不同.美式中加入卷舌音,而英式中没有卷舌音.如ə:(IPA)------ɝ(K.K.)3.此表中在最末加上了几个常见特殊的组合音标。备类注发音口形发此音的字母或字母组合及例举单词型备注:轻松音简写“轻”,紧张音简写“紧”。舌抵下齿简写“↘”抵上齿“↗”。舌后缩简写“←”。IPAKK发音口形主要是讲解KK音标。*.双元音(KK中称双母音)发音时要做到非常连贯。i:i紧,长衣,↘,面
2、带微笑e,ee,ea,ie,yme,sea,piece,bee,lady前元音ɪɪ轻,短衣,↘,唇微张开i,y,esit,happy,decideu:u紧,长乌,←,圆唇外突oo,o,ue,ui,ewflew,cool,fruit,true,doʊʊ轻,短乌,←,稍圆且松oo,ou,o,u,look,could,put,wolf后元音ɔːɔ紧,长喔,←,唇小圆突au,ou,al,aw,,author,call,law,boughtɒɑ轻,短喔,←,唇小圆突o,a,hot,wash,ɜːɝ重读“儿”音,一开始就卷舌ir,ur,ea
3、r,or,bird,turn,learn,workɚ轻读卷舌音,前舌由平向卷er,or,ar,ur,pleasure,teacher,actor,dollar中元音əə轻读或弱读,“饿”音u,ou,o,a,ialbum,ago,delicious,today,directɑrɑ的二声的儿话音ar,farm,carɑ:后元音ɑ紧,啊音,a,calmʌʌ轻↘短啊四声唇微开向两边u,o,ou,oo,luck,love,trouble,flood中元音eɛ小开口45度音e,a,ea,set,head,many前元音ææ紧,↘,嘴张大,嘴
4、角向两a,fat双元音eɪe口由半开到合嘴角咧到耳朵a,ay,ea,ey,ai,eigh,say,cake,great,rainaɪaɪ饱满“阿姨”音口由开到合i,y,igh,iehigh,line,fly,dieəʊo口形由半开到小,发“呕”音o,ow,oa,oeno,know,boat,toe合口双元音aʊaʊ口形由大到小发“嗷”音ou,ow,house,cowɔɪɔɪ唇由圆到扁,←,oy,oi,boy,oil,noiseʊəʊr唇由圆到半开,短乌卷舌音ure,oor,our,sure,poor,tourɪəɪr唇始终半开,
5、短衣卷舌音eer,ere,ear,ier,deer,here,year,fierce集中双元音eəɛr↘唇始终半开舌由平到卷ear,air,are,erebear,fare,there,fairɔr短喔的儿化音,←our,or,ore,four,lord,more,store,特例补充(KK音标)juu,ew,student,new,ɔŋong,song,longk和n在词首的组合时,twtw,twin,twentyk不发音ksx,box,foxdwdw,dwell,dwarfkwqu,question,quickpp气流冲破紧
6、闭的双唇且无声p,pen,bag(n,s,t之前不发音)气破双唇音(爆破音)bb气流冲破紧闭的双唇声带震动b,bite.(在t或m前不发音)tt舌尖抵上齿龈弹开舌头且无声t,tw,tear,fit,two舌尖齿龈气音(爆破音)dd同上,但声带必须震动d,dark,affordkk舌后部抵住软腭突然离开无声k,c,ch,ck,lkcockking,cake,school,box,气破舌根软鄂音(爆破音)gg同上,但声带必须震动g,gh(词首发本音此中不发音)girl,ghostff上齿触下唇,气流从此出无声f,ff,gh,ph,l
7、fface,off,laugh,phone,shelf唇齿相依摩擦音(摩擦音)vv同上,但声带必须震动vview,cavess唇微微张开舌近上齿才出气s,c,ce,sssick,ceilling,cell,kiss气通舌尖齿龈音(摩擦音)zz同上,但声带必须震动z,se,zezoo,shoes,choose,sizeθθ上下齿轻轻咬舌尖且吐气无声th,thank,mouth唯一咬舌音(摩擦音)ðð同上,但声带必须震动th,this,the,thereʃʃ唇收圆稍突舌稍卷近舌无声sh,ti,ci,s,si,ssi,sciship,
8、motion,social,sure舌端齿龈气擦音(摩擦音)ӡӡ同上,但声带必须震动S,si,gpleasure,usual,vision,rougehh嘴自然张开,呵气,无声h,wh,hi,who(h在r或k之后不发音)大口喘气音(摩擦音)舌尖上卷,唇突,声带