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1、常用化肥重金属元素含量分析评价及其对土壤环境的影响摘要:随着化肥的长期施用,其中的重金属元素可能会积累,从而导致农田土壤及农作物中重金属元素超标,造成环境污染,其中,Cd,Hg,As,Pb,Cr是化肥对土壤产生污染的主要物质。以天津市蓟州区为例,采集20个常用化肥样品进行重金属元素分析评价,并研究其对土壤环境的影响。结果表明,磷酸二按肥料中As,Cd,Cr含量较其他肥料显著偏高,尿素、板栗专用肥中As,Cd,Pb含量较其他肥料显著偏低,复合肥(掺混肥)中As,Cd,Pb,Cr,Hg含量平均为11.06,0.240,2.95,19.7,0.054mg?kg-l;蓟州地区肥料样品中A
2、s,Cd,Pb,Cr,Hg含量均远远低于《肥料中砷、镉、铅、铬、汞生态指标》(GB/T23349—2009)国家标准中的限值,样品合格率为100%。每年通过化肥可以向每公顷农田土壤中平均输入As,Cd,Pb,Cr,Hg的质量分别约为13.275,0.315,3.690,33.030,0.076kg。磷酸二铵和尿素呈碱性,复合肥(掺混肥)均呈酸性,长期大量施用化肥可能会使农田土壤的pH值整体下降。境中图分类号:S143;X53文献标识码:ADOI编码:10.3969/j.issn.1006-6500.2017.04.005AnalysisandEvaluationofHeavyMe
3、talElementsinCommonFertilizersandTheirEffectsonSoilEnvironmentWANGWeixing,CAOShuping,LIGongke,ZHANGYana(TianjinInstituteofGeologicalSurvey,Tianjin300191,China)Abstract:Withthelong-termapplicationoffertilizer,theheavymetalelementsinthesoilandcropscanleadtoexcessiveheavymetalelements,resultingi
4、nenvironmentalpollution.Cd,Hg,As,Pb,Crarethemainchemicalfertilizersforthepollutionofthesoil.Inthisstudy,takingJizhoudistrictofTianjincityasanexample,20commonfertilizersampleswereanalyzedtoevaluateheavymetalelements,andstudiedtheireffectsonsoilenvironment.TheresultsshowedthatAs,Cd,Crcontentsof
5、diammoniumphosphatefertilizerweresignificantlyhigherthanotherfertilizers.As,Cd,Pbcontentinureaandspecialfertilizerforchestnutweresignificantlylowercomparedwithotherfertilizer.As,Cd,Pb,Cr,Hgcontentsincompoundfertilizer(fertilizerblending)were11.06,0.240,2.95,19.7,0.054mg?kg-l,respectively.As,C
6、d,Pb,Cr,HgcontentsinJizhoufertilizersampleswerefarlowerthanthenationalstandardlimitvalueof《As,Cd,Pb,Cr,Hgecologicalindexsinfertilizer》(GB/T23349-2009),andsamplespassrateswere100%.AverageinputqualitiesofCd,Pb,AsCr,Hgthroughfertilizertothefarmlandsoilperacreeachyearwere13.275,0.315,3.690,33.030
7、,0.076kg,respectively.DAPandureawerealkaline,andcompoundfertilizer(mixedfertilizer)wereacidic.Long-termuseofchemicalfertilizersmaymakethesoilpHoveralldecline.Keywords:chemicalfertilizer;heavymetalelements;analysisandevaluation;soilenvironment