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1、MarkTwain---MirrorofAmericaNoelGrove -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- MostAmericansrememberMarkTwainasthefatherofHuckFinn'sidylliccruisethrougheternalboyhoodandTomSawyer'sendlesssummeroffreedomandadventure.In-deed,thisnation
2、'sbest-lovedauthorwaseverybitasad-venturous,patriotic,romantic,andhumorousasanyonehaseverimagined.IfoundanotherTwainaswell–onewhogrewcynical,bitter,saddenedbytheprofoundpersonaltragedieslifedealthim,amanwhobecameobsessedwiththefrailtiesofthehumanrace,whosawclearlyaheadablac
3、kwallofnight. Trampprinter,riverpilot,Confederateguerrilla,prospector,starry-eyedoptimist,acid-tonguedcynic:ThemanwhobecameMarkTwainwasbornSamuelLanghorneClemensandherangedacrossthenationformorethanathirdofhislife,digestingthenewAmericanexperiencebeforesharingitwiththeworl
4、daswriterandlecturer.Headoptedhispennamefromthecryheardinhissteamboatdays,signalingtwofathoms(12feet)ofwater--anavigabledepth.Hispopularityisattestedbythefactthatmorethanascoreofhisbooksremaininprint,andtranslationsarestillreadaroundtheworld. Thegeographiccore,inTwain'sear
5、lyyears,wasthegreatvalleyoftheMississippiRiver,mainarteryoftransportationintheyoungnation'sheart.Keelboats，flatboats,andlargeraftscarriedthefirstmajorcommerce.Lumber,corn,tobacco,wheat,andfursmoveddownstreamtothedeltacountry;sugar,molasses,cotton,andwhiskeytravelednorth.Int
6、he1850's,beforetheclimaxofwestwardexpansion,thevastbasindrainedthree-quartersofthesettledUnitedStates. YoungMarkTwainenteredthatworldin1857asacubpilotonasteamboat.Thecastofcharacterssetbeforehiminhisnewprofessionwasrichandvariedacosmos.Heparticipatedabundantlyinthislife,li
7、steningtopilothousetalkoffeuds,piracies,lynchings,medicineshows,andsavagewatersideslums.Allwouldresurfaceinhisbooks,togetherwiththecolorfullanguagethathesoakedupwithamemorythatseemedphonographic Steamboatdecksteemednotonlywiththemaincurrentofpioneeringhumanity,butitsflotsa
8、mofhustlers,gamblers,andthugsaswell.FromthemallMarkTwaingainedakeenperceptionofthe
