effective approaches to the teaching of reading

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1、Effectiveapproachestotheteachingofreading　　Readingisoneoftheessentialskillsinone’slife.Noonecouldfunctionwellinmodernsocietywithoutthisability.However，somepeoplestillhavedifficultiestomasterthisability.Theskillsareevensignificantwhensomeoneusingsecondorforeignlanguagetoreadwhichi

2、sconsideredastheonlyaccessibleexposuretothetargetlanguage（Celce-Murcia&Ohlstain，2000）.Itisessentialforteacherstohelpthemcultivategoodreadingskills.However，Languageteacherswhowanttokeepup-to-datewiththedevelopmentwithintheteachingfieldareconfrontingwithvariousapproaches.Thispapera

3、imstodemonstratestwoeffectiveteachingapproaches.　　Interactiveapproach　　Teachersacknowledgethattop-downandbottom-upapproachesareessentialforteachingreading.However，forL2students，separateuseofthesetwoskillsmaycausesomeproblemsforthem.L2studentsmaynothavesufficientlinguisticknowledg

4、etodecodetextsbyusingbottom-upapproach.Atthesametime，theymayalsolackofcontextknowledgeoftexts.ForL2alearner，top-downprocessingiscouldbecompensatoryonethathelpbottom-upisachieved（Koda，2005）.ThisisalsosupportedbyNunan（2003），hesuggestedthatteachingbottom-upskillsshouldfollowedbyinst

5、ructionoftop-downandstrategicreading.　　Inordertobecomeaneffectivereader，studentsneedtobefamiliarwithbothbottom-upandtop-downstrategies.Forinstance，wordrecognition，skimmingandscanning，predictionandsoon.Thesestrategiescouldbetrainedduringpracticeofathree-phaseapproach.Itconsistsofp

6、re-reading，while-readingandpost-reading.Itcouldbeconsideredasaprocedureofonereadingclass.AccordingtoScrivener（2005，p.187），schematheorycouldbeusefulduringpre-reading，ateachercouldusevisualdeviceslikepicturesorvideos，questionsarerelatedtotopicorlisteningmaterialstoactivestudents’li

7、nguistic，contentandformalschematatohelpstudentspredictthegiventext.Then，withinwhile-reading，studentsshouldreadtextsactively.Teacherscouldoffersomegeneralquestionsmainlyabouttopics，mainideasoroverallthemes.Theymayneedstudentstopracticeskimming.Atthesametime，teachercouldconductseve

8、ralspecificquestionsmainlyconcernedwiths