《翻译理论与实践》

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1、《翻译理论与实践》（笔译）课程讲稿田传茂编写长江大学外国语学院2010年8月TeachingNotesonTranslationTheoryandPracticebyChuanmaoTianAugust2010Objectives:★Familiarizestudentswiththeessentialelementsintranslationstudies,suchasprinciples,process,techniques,etc.★Introducethesimilaritiesanddissim

2、ilaritiesbetweenChineseandEnglishinmodeofthinking,cultureandlanguage.★Introducemajormethodsforlexicaltranslation.★Introducemajormethodsinsententialtranslation.★Introducesomestrategiesfordiscoursetranslation.Lecture1AnIntroductiontoTranslationTheoryandPrac

3、ticeI.SignificanceII.DifficultiesIII.LearningstrategiesI.SignificanceTEM8,GCT/postgraduateentranceexamination,CATTI/translationcertificates(translationasaprofession),graduationpaperwritingII.DifficultiesExamples：1）Hisparentcametotheschooltoseehim.(lexical

4、gap)他的家长来学校看他。2）Theyareentertainingwomen(linguisticambiguity)她们正在招待女客人。/她们是女招待。3)Shewasacat.(culturalconnotation)她是一个心肠很坏的女人。4)Davidwasinaclearmajority(modeofexpression)显然大卫属于大多数。5)Myhusbandtookthepaperstothecabinet(falsefriends/fauxamis)我的丈夫拿着大把的手纸去洗手间了。

5、cabinet:washroom6)Shewasamagpie.她是一个饶舌妇。（culturalconnotation/figurativemeaning）magpie:talkativeperson7）Anewdignitycreptintohiswalk．走路的姿态不知什么时候开始给人一种庄重的印象。/他走起路来，不觉平添了几分尊严。(literary/figurativelanguage)8)Youaretellingme.我早知道了，不用你告诉我。（falsefriends/fauxamis）O

6、therdifficulties:abbreviations,wordplay,idioms,onomatopoeia,longsentences,neologisms,ads,etc.翻译中一词多义/句法歧义(linguisticambiguity)：Thewaterisstillinthelake.Thestormisoverthere.Themanturnedoutanimpostor.(cheat).Helivesverynear(poor/stingy).Ifoundhimout(notatho

7、me).Johnpaintsnudes.(draw/putthepainton).Theyarerunningmates/runningdogs.在英语翻译中有许多的falsefriendsFalsefriendsexistin:commonwords,idioms,figuresofspeech,scienceEnglish.e.g.longlegs盲蜘蛛blue-stocking女学者blue-bottle青蝇whitecap浪头白沫thesaltoftheearth社会中坚dog’sears轧件表面

8、上的疤痕bull’s-eye靶心labor分娩answerthecallofnature=gotoWCeatfortwo怀孕eatnofish对……忠诚JekyllandHyde两面人[TheStrangeCaseofDr.JekyllandMr.HydebyR.L.Stevenson]letabreeze放屁catch-22无法摆脱的困境Theyaretalkingturkey.他们在坦率地交谈。（不能译：他们在谈论火鸡）S