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1、HowtoWriteaLiteratureReview?I.ThedefinitionofLiteratureReview文献综述(LiterautreReview)是科研论文中重要的文体之一。它以作者对各种文献资料的整理、归纳、分析和比较为基础,就某个专题的历史背景、前人的工作、研究现状、争论的焦点及发展前景等方面进行综合、总结和评论。通过阅读文献综述,科研工作者可花费较少的时间获得较多的关于某一专题系统而具体的信息,了解其研究现状、存在的问题和未来的发展方向。II.ThepurposesofliteraturereviewAndItsComponentsA.ThePurposesO
2、ntheonehand,ithelpsyoubroadentheviewandperspectiveofthetopicforyourgraduationthesis.Ontheotherhand,ithelpsyounarrowdownthetopicandarriveatafocusedresearchquestion.B.ItsComponentsTherearesixpartsinacompleteLiteratureReview.标题与作者(titleandauthor)摘要与关键词(abstractandkeywords)引言(introduction)述评(review)
3、结论(conclusion)参考文献(references)III.ClassificationofSourceMaterialsHowcanwelocatethematerialsrelevanttoourtopicsbetterandfaster?Basically,allthesesourcematerialsmaybeclassifiedintofourmajorsofsources.A:Backgroundsources:Basicinformationwhichcanusuallybefoundindictionariesandencyclopediacompliedbym
4、ajorscholarsorfoundersofthefield.ThreeverygoodandcommonlyrecommencedencyclopediasareencyclopediasABC,namely,EncyclopediaAmericana,EncyclopediaBritannica,andCollier’sEncyclopedia.Therearealsoreferenceworksmorespecialized,suchasTheEncyclopediaofLanguageandLinguisticsforlinguisticsandTEFLstudies.Mo
5、reover,youmayalsofindEncyclopediaontheweb.B:PrimarysourcesThoseprovidingdirectevidence,suchasworksofscholarsofthefield,biographiesorautobiographies,memoirs,speeches,lectures,diaries,collectionofletters,interviews,casestudies,approaches,etc.Primarysourcescomeinvariousshapesandsizes,andoftenyouhav
6、etodoalittlebitofresearchaboutthesourcetomakesureyouhavecorrectlyidentifiedit.Whenafirstsearchyieldstoofewresults,trysearchingbybroadertopic;whenasearchyieldstoomanyresults,refineyoursearchbynarrowingdownyoursearch.C:SecondarysourcesThoseprovidingindirectevidence,suchasresearcharticlesorpapers,b
7、ookreviews,assays,journalarticlesbyexpertsinagivenfield,studiesonauthorsorwritersandtheirworks,etc.Secondarysourceswillinformmostofyourwritingincollege.Youwilloftenbeaskedtoresearchyourtopicusingprimarysources,butsecondaryso