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ID:20196868
大小:1.07 MB
页数:38页
时间:2018-10-10
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1、RespiratoryFailureDr.SatSharmaUnivofManitobaRESPIRATORYFAILURE“inabilityofthelungtomeetthemetabolicdemandsofthebody.Thiscanbefromfailureoftissueoxygenationand/orfailureofCO2homeostasis.”RESPIRATORYFAILUREDefinitionRespirationisgasexchangebetweentheorganismanditsen
2、vironment.FunctionofrespiratorysystemistotransferO2fromatmospheretobloodandremoveCO2fromblood.ClinicallyRespiratoryfailureisdefinedasPaO2<60mmHgwhilebreathingair,oraPaCO2>50mmHg.Respiratorysystemincludes:CNS(medulla)Peripheralnervoussystem(phrenicnerve)Respiratory
3、musclesChestwallLungUpperairwayBronchialtreeAlveoliPulmonaryvasculaturePotentialcausesofRespiratoryFailureHYPOXEMICRESPIRATORYFAILURE(TYPE1)PaO2<60mmHgwithnormalorlowPaCO2normalorhighpHMostcommonformofrespiratoryfailureLungdiseaseisseveretointerferewithpulmonaryO
4、2exchange,butoverallventilationismaintainedPhysiologiccauses:V/QmismatchandshuntHYPOXEMICRESPIRATORYFAILURECAUSESOFARTERIALHYPOXEMIA1.FiO22.Hypoventilation(PaCO2)Hypercapnic3.V/QmismatchRespiratoryfailure(eg.COPD)4.Diffusionlimitation?5.Intrapulmonaryshunt-pneum
5、onia-Atelectasis-CHF(highpressurepulmonaryedema)-ARDS(lowpressurepulmonaryedema)CausesofHypoxemicRespiratoryfailureCausedbyadisorderofheart,lungorblood.EtiologyeasiertoassessbyCXRabnormality:-NormalChestx-rayCardiacshunt(righttoleft)Asthma,COPDPulmonaryembolismHyp
6、erinflatedLungs:COPDCausesofHypoxemicRespiratoryfailure(cont’d.)FocalinfiltratesonCXRAtelectasisPneumoniaAnexampleofintrapulmonaryshuntCausesofHypoxemicRespiratoryFailure(cont’d.)DiffuseinfiltratesonCXRCardiogenicPulmonaryEdemaNoncardiogenicpulmonaryedema(ARDS)Int
7、erstitialpneumonitisorfibrosisInfectionsDiffusepulmonaryinfiltratesHypercapnicRespiratoryFailure(TypeII)PaCO2>50mmHgHypoxemiaisalwayspresentpHdependsonlevelofHCO3HCO3dependsondurationofhypercapniaRenalresponseoccursoverdaystoweeksAcuteHypercapnicRespiratoryFailur
8、e(TypeII)AcuteArterialpHislowCauses-sedativedrugoverdose-acutemuscleweaknesssuchasmyastheniagravis-severelungdisease:alveolarventilationcannotbemaintain
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