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1、InteractionbetweenRenalMedullaryPGE2and(P)RRinDiabeticNephropathyandHypertensionTianxinYang1,2andWeidongWang11InstituteofHypertension,SunYat-senUniversitySchoolofMedicine;2DepartmentofInternalMedicine,UniversityofUtahPrevalenceofCKDCDC2010IncidentRateofESRDNIDDK
2、2010ESRDCostsNIDDK2010DiabetesHypertensionGlomerulonephritisPKDKidneystonesDrugsRASProteinuriaPodocytedamageDiabetesMellitusandDiabeticNephropathyNearly26millionAmericanshavediabetes,accordingtonewestimatesfromtheCentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention(CDC).Inaddi
3、tion,anestimated79millionU.S.adultshaveprediabetes,aconditioninwhichbloodsugarlevelsarehigherthannormal,butnothighenoughtobediagnosedasdiabetes.Prediabetesraisesaperson'sriskoftype2diabetes,heartdiseaseandstroke.Diabetesaffects8.3percentofAmericansofallages,and1
4、1.3percentofadultsaged20andolder,accordingtotheNationalDiabetesFactSheetfor2011.About27percentofthosewithdiabetes—7millionAmericans—donotknowtheyhavethedisease.Prediabetesaffects35percentofadultsaged20andolder.NationalDiabetesFactSheetfor2011,CDCAnnualNumber(inT
5、housands)ofNewCasesofDiagnosedDiabetesAmongAdultsAged18–79Years,UnitedStates,1980–2010From1980through2010,thenumberofadultsintheUnitedStatesaged18–79withnewlydiagnoseddiabetesmorethantripledfrom493,000in1980toover1.7millionin2010.Thenumberofnewcasesofdiabeteshas
6、increasedsincetheearly1990s.From2008through2010,thenumberofnewcasesofdiagnoseddiabeteshasshownlittlechange.NationalDiabetesFactSheetfor2011,CDCNumber(inMillions)ofCivilian,NoninstitutionalizedAdultswithDiagnosedDiabetes,UnitedStates,1980–2010From1980through2010,
7、thenumberofU.S.adultsaged18yearsorolderwithdiagnoseddiabeteshasmorethantripled(from5.5millionto20.7million).NationalDiabetesFactSheetfor2011,CDCTheoverallprevalencesoftotaldiabetes(previouslydiagnosedpluspreviouslyundiagnoseddiabetes)andprediabeteswere9.7%and15.
8、5%,respectively.Inthemultivariable,multinomial,logitmodels,malesex,olderage,afamilyhistoryofdiabetes,overweight,obesity,centralobesity,increasedheartrate,elevatedsyst
