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1、SeizuresProf.JiangLiDepartmentofNeurologyChildren’sHospitalofCHUMSDefinitionsSeizure（发作）:asuddenattack,spasm,orconvulsion,asinepilepsyoranotherdisorderEpilepticseizure（癫痫样发作）:atransientepisodeofabnormalandexcessiveneuronalactivityinthebrainthatisapparenteithertothesubjectoranobserver.Epilepsy（癫痫）:ac
2、hronicdisorderofthebraincharacterizedbyrecurrent,unprovokedepilepticseizures.FeaturesofepilepticseizuresTheabnormalneuronalactivityduringanepilepticseizuremaybemanifestedasamotor,sensory,autonomic,cognitive,orpsychicdisturbance.Theneurophysiologicalbasisisinferredonclinicalgrounds.Aconvulsionisasubt
3、ypeofseizureinwhichmotoractivityoccurs.Canbeprovokedinindividualswhodonothaveepilepsy(examplesofprovokinginsultsincludingfever,trauma,hypoglycaemiaandhypoxia)Therearemanyparoxysmaldisturbances(‘funnyturns’)thatmimicepilepticseizures.DifferentdiagnosisofepilepticseizuresBreath-holdingattacks:provoked
4、bytemperorfrustration;thescreamingtoddleholdstheirbreathinexpiration,goesblue,thenlimp,andthenmakesarapidspontaneousrecovery.Reflexanoxicseizures:provokedbypainorfear;theinfantortoddlerbecomespaleandlosesconsciousness(reflectingsyncope,secondarytovagal-inducedbradycardia);Thesubsequenthypoxiamayindu
5、cedatonic-clonicseizure.Vasovagalsyncope(simplefaints):usuallyoccursinteenagers;provokedbyemotion,hotenvironment;precededbynauseaanddizziness;suddenlossofconsciousnessandposture;rapidrecovery.Rigors:transientexaggeratedshiveringinassociationwithhighfever.ClassificationofepilepticseizuresGeneralizeds
6、eizures:thefirstclinicalchangeindicatesinitialinvolvementofbothcerebralhemispheresPartialseizures:thereisinitialactivationofpareofonecerebralhemisphereGeneralizedseizuresAbsenceseizure:briefunawarenesslastingafewseconds;nolossofposture;immediaterecovery;maybeveryfrequent;associatedwithautomatisms.My
7、oclonicseizures:repaid,brief,usuallyisolatedjerksofthelimbs,neckortrunk.Tonicseizures:ageneralisedincreaseintoneTonic-clonicseizures:tonicphaseofrigiditywithlossofposturefollowedbyclonicmovementsofall
