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1、TheYuanandMingDynastiestoberead.Famousplayswereoftenpublishedinfine,illustratededitions,some•timeswithelaborateliterarycommentary.TangXian-zu,PeonyPavilion:Althoughcertainearlierdramaticromanceswereintendedforreadingaswellasperformance,themostimportantfigureinliterarychuan-q
2、iwasTangXian-zuSelectedActs(1550-1617).Hisfourmainplaysareknownas"Lin-chuan'sFourDreams"(Lin•chuanbeingTangXian-zu'stoponym).Dreamservesanessentialroleineachoftheseworks,notonlyasaplotdevicebutalsoasathematicconcernthattouchesboththeBuddhistideaoftheemptinessofexperienceanda
3、nillusionistnotionofWhiletheNorthern"varietyplay"(za-ju)wasflourishingintheYuancapitalatDa•theateritself.ThemostfamousofthefourplaysisPeonyPavilion(Mu-danting),writ•duinthethirteenthcentury,averydifferentkindofdramawasalsotakingshapeintenin1598,andconsistingof55scenes(340pag
4、esinCyrilBirch'scompletetrans•theSouth.Although"varietyplays"continuedasagenreofpurelyliterarydramalation).throughtheQing,theformhadlargelydisappearedfromthepopulartheaterbytheAnAristotelianeconomyofplotisnotcharacteristicofChinesedramaticro•latefifteenthcentury.Throughoutth
5、eMing,Southerndramacontinuedtogrowinmances.Astheplayopens,ayoungscholarnamedLiurecountsadreamofabeau•prominence,bothaspopulartheaterandasaneliteliteraryform.TheseSouthern•tifulyoungwomanstandingbeneathaplumtreeandtakesMeng-mei(Dreamedofstyleplays(sonamedfortheirmusicalstylea
6、nditsprovenance-theywerewrittenPlum)ashisname.UnbeknownsttoLiuMeng-mei,theyoungwomaninthedreambynorthernersandsouthernersalike)continuedtobethedominantformofliteraryisDuLi-niang,thedaughteroftheprefectofNan-an.Forcedbyherfathertostudydramathroughthenineteenthcentury.theClass
7、icofPoetry,shereadsthefirstpoem,"Fishhawk,"celebratingtheperfectSouthern-styledramacametobeknownaschuan-qi,"accountsofremarkablemarriage,andissoarousedbyitthatshearrangestogoforalongwalkintheflowerthings,"thesamegenerictermappliedtoTangtales(whichprovidedmanyofthegardenbehin
8、dtheresidence.plotsfortheplays).Forthesakeofconvenience,wewillrefertochuan-
