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1、Lessonone导言第一句中“howtoimproveyourgrades…?”作的是know的宾语,是宾语 从句howyoucanimproveyourgrades…的省略形式。有些带疑问词的宾语从句 往往能省略成:“疑问词+动词不定式”的形式。如:CanyoutellmehowIcangettotherailwaystation?可省略为:Canyoutellmehowtogettotherailwaystation? 如:Idon’tknowwhatIshoulddo.可省略为:Idon’tknowwhattodo
2、.导言第一句中的without后面接的是动名词结构。without是介词,介词后一般接名词(词组)作宾语,有时也接动名词(短语)或从句作宾语。 如:Hewenttoworkwithoutbreakfast. Theyleftwithoutsayinggoodbyetothehostandthehostess. Theinstrumentisimportanttous,withoutwhichwecanneverdotheexperiment.spend:a.花费(钱,时间等)常见的结构是:spendmoney/timeon
3、something和spendtime(in)doing如:Ispenttendollarsontheshirt.Theyspenttwoandahalfhoursontheirhomework.Theyspenttwoandahalfhours(in)doingtheirhomework.b.度过如:Howdoyouspendyoursparetime?Hehasspentallhislifeinthesmallvillage.导言第二句中的sound是连系动词,意思是“听上去”,该词后面的结构作的是句子的表语。如:He
4、soundedalittlediscouraged.(他听上去有点儿泄气。)Herexcusesoundsreasonable.54类似的连系动词还有look,feel,turn,get,become,grow,appear等。如:Sheappearspaletoday.Theclothfeelssoft.Yourgrandmotherlookswell.Leaveshaveturnedyellow.Thefoodisgettingcold.Theweatherbecomeswarmer.too…to…结构表示“太…以至不
5、能…”的意思,too后面接形容词、副词,to后面接动词原形.导言第二句话Soundstoogoodtobetrue?的意思是:听上去太好了,都令人难以置信,不是吗?如:Heistooweaktocarrytheluggagebyhimself.Theroomistoosmallforfivepeopletolivein.第二个例句中,tolivein这个动词不定式前加了一个形式主语(逻辑主语)forfivepeople.habit的意思是“习惯,atendencytorepeatanactagainandagain,ora
6、behaviorpatternthathasadegreeofunconsciousstubbornrepetition”,如:thehabitforsmoking,ahabitofthrift(节省),ahabitofscratching(挠)one’sheadwhenthinking,areadinghabit,anote-takinghabit.hobby的意思是“业余爱好”,aleisure-timeinterestoractivitytakenupprimarilyforpleasure如:thehobbyoft
7、raveling,thehobbyofphotographythehobbyofstamp-collecting(集邮)average:1)形容词,a."普通的ordinary,common"如:WhatistheyearlyincomeofanaveragefamilyinBeijing?b.“平均的mean”,54如:Theaverageageofthestudentsistwenty.2)名词,“平均”如:Theaverageof4,5and9is6.Ontheaverage(一般说来),therearetwenty
8、studentspresenteveryday.intelligence:n.智力,如:anintelligencetest形容词为intelligent,意思是clever,如:Heisanintelligentyoungman.Thatisanintelligentdecision.AverageI