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ID:17607060
大小:15.09 MB
页数:63页
时间:2018-09-03
《化学反应速率和化学平衡高考题集锦(含解析)》由会员上传分享,免费在线阅读,更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。
1、化学高考题分类目录G单元化学反应速率和化学平衡G1化学反应速率7.G1 G2 G3[2014·重庆卷]在恒容密闭容器中通入X并发生反应:2X(g)Y(g),温度T1、T2下X的物质的量浓度c(X)随时间t变化的曲线如图所示,下列叙述正确的是( )A.该反应进行到M点放出的热量大于进行到W点放出的热量B.T2下,在0~t1时间内,v(Y)=mol·L-1·min-1C.M点的正反应速率v正大于N点的逆反应速率v逆D.M点时再加入一定量X,平衡后X的转化率减小7.C [解析]根据图像可知,T1<T2,ΔH<0,因此该反应是放热反应,故c(X)变化越大,放出热量越多,故M点放出的热量小于W
2、点放出的热量,A项错误;T2温度下,在0~t1时间内,v(Y)=v(X)=mol·L-1·min-1,B项错误;因T1>T2,vM正=vM逆>vW逆,又因vN逆<vW逆,所以vN逆3、.增大反应物浓度可加快反应速率,因此用浓硫酸与铁反应能增大生成H2的速率3.D [解析]当ΔH-TΔS<0时,反应能自发进行,吸热反应的ΔH>0,吸热反应能自发,说明ΔS>0,A项正确;NH4F溶液中F-水解生成HF,HF能与玻璃中的SiO2发生反应4HF+SiO2===SiF4↑+2H2O,故NH4F溶液不能存放在玻璃试剂瓶中,B项正确;可燃冰需在低温高压下形成,所以可燃冰可存在于海底,C项正确;常温下,浓硫酸使铁发生钝化,D项错误。9.F1、G1 [2014·新课标全国卷Ⅰ]已知分解1molH2O2放出热量98kJ。在含少量I-的溶液中,H2O2分解的机理为H2O2+I-―→H2O+I4、O- 慢 H2O2+IO-―→H2O+O2+I- 快下列有关该反应的说法正确的是( )A.反应速率与I-浓度有关orientationofenterpriseandbusinessinvestmenttrendsandinvestment,active-sitedescribesthecity'sresourcesandforeigninvestmentpolicies,projects,thematicinvestmentandgoinvestmentmethods,somestringsforeconomicconstructioninPingliang.Zhejiangentre5、preneursAssociation,Gansuprovincehascoordinatedrelevantmerchantstothecitymanytimes,suchasfieldtrips. Total16assistinsecuringproject,seekStateinvestmentof7.64millionYuan.ThreeareWindowsroletoplay,intermsofpromotionandinformationservicestoanewlevel.Thetwoforeignoffices,isanimportantwindowformunicip6、algovernmentsinBeijingandLanzhou,broadmarketspaceandgoodcommunicationnetworksfortheirminingresources,promoteawarenessofPingliangprovidesabroadstage.LiaisonOfficeinBeijingandaroundtheannualpriorities,strengthencooperationwithrelevantStatedepartments,institutionsandPingliangcontactwhostaffinBeijing,7、expandinginformationchannels,focusoncollectingandsortingwithdynamic,advanced,authenticity,universalityandpracticalityofavarietyofinformation,usingmodernOfficemeanstheestablishmentofarchivesinformationnetwork,andd
3、.增大反应物浓度可加快反应速率,因此用浓硫酸与铁反应能增大生成H2的速率3.D [解析]当ΔH-TΔS<0时,反应能自发进行,吸热反应的ΔH>0,吸热反应能自发,说明ΔS>0,A项正确;NH4F溶液中F-水解生成HF,HF能与玻璃中的SiO2发生反应4HF+SiO2===SiF4↑+2H2O,故NH4F溶液不能存放在玻璃试剂瓶中,B项正确;可燃冰需在低温高压下形成,所以可燃冰可存在于海底,C项正确;常温下,浓硫酸使铁发生钝化,D项错误。9.F1、G1 [2014·新课标全国卷Ⅰ]已知分解1molH2O2放出热量98kJ。在含少量I-的溶液中,H2O2分解的机理为H2O2+I-―→H2O+I
4、O- 慢 H2O2+IO-―→H2O+O2+I- 快下列有关该反应的说法正确的是( )A.反应速率与I-浓度有关orientationofenterpriseandbusinessinvestmenttrendsandinvestment,active-sitedescribesthecity'sresourcesandforeigninvestmentpolicies,projects,thematicinvestmentandgoinvestmentmethods,somestringsforeconomicconstructioninPingliang.Zhejiangentre
5、preneursAssociation,Gansuprovincehascoordinatedrelevantmerchantstothecitymanytimes,suchasfieldtrips. Total16assistinsecuringproject,seekStateinvestmentof7.64millionYuan.ThreeareWindowsroletoplay,intermsofpromotionandinformationservicestoanewlevel.Thetwoforeignoffices,isanimportantwindowformunicip
6、algovernmentsinBeijingandLanzhou,broadmarketspaceandgoodcommunicationnetworksfortheirminingresources,promoteawarenessofPingliangprovidesabroadstage.LiaisonOfficeinBeijingandaroundtheannualpriorities,strengthencooperationwithrelevantStatedepartments,institutionsandPingliangcontactwhostaffinBeijing,
7、expandinginformationchannels,focusoncollectingandsortingwithdynamic,advanced,authenticity,universalityandpracticalityofavarietyofinformation,usingmodernOfficemeanstheestablishmentofarchivesinformationnetwork,andd
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