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1、上学吧：http://www.shangxueba.com1990年1月大学英语六级阅读理解真题及答案PartIIReadingComprehension(35minutes) PassageOne Questions21to24arebasedonthefollowingpassage: Automationreferstotheintroductionofelectroniccontrolandautomaticoperationofpro-ductivemachinery.Itreducestheh
2、umanfactors,mentalandphysical,inproduction,andisde-signedtomakepossiblethemanufactureofmoregoodswithfewerworkers.ThedevelopmentofautomationinAmericanindustryhasbeencalledthe"SecondIndustrialRevolution". Labour'sconcernoverautomationarisesfromuncertaintyabou
3、ttheeffectsonemploy-ment,andfearsofmajorchangesinjobs.Inthemain,labourhastakentheviewthatresistancetotechnicalchangeisunfruitful.Eventually,theresultofautomationmaywellbeanincreaseinemployment,sinceitisexpectedthatvastindustrieswillgrowuparoundmanufacturing,
4、main-taining,andrepairingautomationequipment.Theinterestoflabourliesinbringingaboutthe transitionwithaminimumofinconvenienceanddistresstotheworkersinvolved.AI~,unionspokesmenemphasizethatthebenefitoftheincreasedproductionandlowercostsmadepossiblebyautomatio
5、nshouldbesharedbyworkersintheformofhigherwages,moreleisure,andimprovedlivingstandards. Toprotecttheinterestsoftheirmembersintheeraofautomation,unionshaveadoptedanumberofnewpolicies.Oneoftheseisthepromotionofsupplementaryunemploymentbenefitplans.Itisemphasiz
6、edthatsincetheemployerinvolvedinsuchaplanhasadirectfinancialinterestinpreventingunemployment,hewillhaveastrongdriveforplanningnewinstallationssoastocausetheleastpossibleproblemsinjobsandjobassignments.Someunionsareworkingfordismissalpayagreements,requiringth
7、atpermanentlydismissedworkersbepaidasumofmoney basedonlengthofservice.Anotherapproachistheideaofthe"improvementfactor",whichcallsforwageincreasesbasedonincreasesinproductivity.Itispossible,however,thatlabourwillrelymainlyonreductioninworkinghoursinordertoga
8、inafullshareinthefruitsofautomation. 21.Thoughlabourworriesabouttheeffectsofautomation,itdoesnotdoubtthat A)automationwilleventuallypreventunemployment B)automationwillhelpworkersacquirenewsk
