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ID:17438919
大小:3.36 MB
页数:87页
时间:2018-08-31
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1、ColorectalCancer:Metastatic(Palliation)转移性结直肠癌Approximately20%ofpatientswithcolorectalcancerpresentwithestablisheddistantmetastases.DespiteconsiderableprogressStageIVpatientsarenotcurable.5-year survivalrateforStageIVpatientsdiagnosedbetween1991 and2000was8%.Systemicchemotherapy,end
2、oscopictreatmentstopalliateobstruction,surgicaldiversion,andsurgicalresectionallhaveimportantrolesintreatmentofStageIVpatients.将近20%的结直肠癌患者都会发生远处转移尽管医疗技术有了很大进步,但IV期患者仍无法治愈1991-2000年IV期患者的5年生存率为8%系统的化疗,内镜治疗缓解梗阻,造瘘,手术切除都是治疗IV期患者的重要手段Forpatientswith goodperformancestatusandminimalsympt
3、omsfromtheir primarycancers,standardtreatmentissystemicchemotherapy,whichiswelldocumentedtoincreasesurvivalandqualityoflife.Surgicalresectionoftheprimarytumorand, whenfeasible,ofthemetastaticlesionscanprovideexcellent palliationandcan,insomecases,providelastingcure.Inthepastdecade,t
4、herehasbeenremarkableimprovement intheefficacyofchemotherapyforcolorectalcancer.FOLFOXorFOLFIRI.Mediansurvivalhas improvedfrom12–14monthsto21months对于一般情况好,原发肿瘤症状轻的患者,标准的治疗应为系统的化疗,可以有效的提高生存率和生活质量对于有转移患者的原发肿瘤切除,如果可以切除的话,有些情况下对病情有良好的缓解作用在过去的10年里,化疗的疗效有了显著的提高,FOLFOX、FOLFIRI方案的应用使转移癌患者的中
5、位生存时间从12-14月提升至21个月BiologyofMetastaticDiseaseTheclinicalpresentationofStageIVpatientsisvariable.Most presentwithsymptomsreferabletotheprimarytumor.Initialstagingevaluationshouldincludecolonoscopywith biopsy,andimagingoftheprimarytumor,liver,andlungs.EndorectalultrasoundorMRIisrecomm
6、endedforrectalcancerstodocument theinitialTandNstage.CT scanningofthechest/abdomen/pelvisisahighlyaccurateand efficientmethodofdetectingmetastases.PETscanningdetectsoccultdiseasenotseenon CTscanin20%ofStageIVpatients.Diagnosis/StagingIV期肿瘤患者的临床表现是多种多样的。大部分与原发病灶有关。初始的评估手段应有:结肠镜(取活检),
7、肿瘤、肝脏、肺部的影像学检查。经直肠腔内超声或MRI是指导临床TNM分期的重要手段。胸、腹、盆的CT检查是发现转移的准确有效的方法。PET可以发现CT发现不了的一些隐性疾病,检出率达20%。诊断/分期Oncetheextentofdiseaseworkupiscompleteanddistant metastaseshavebeendocumented,thesurgeonmustmake threeimportantjudgments.Firstiswhetherthepatientisfit foraggressivetreatment.Secondisw
8、hethertheprimarytum
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