初中完型讲义【宁波】

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初中完型讲义对接中考，加强学生的两项基本能力，重点讲解完型的应试技巧。学生面对完形填空的几个问题。一、什么是完型？l完型考试的考点和命题规律；二、怎么看懂完型的文章？l做完型同时也是做阅读。l文章主旨怎么把握。l文章主旨对于解题有什么帮助三、怎么选对答案？l选项不理解；l怎么选出答案？l怎么检查？四、平时怎么复习？根据学生的问题我们主要讲授以下内容第一讲：解密完型填空——介绍完型规律第二讲：寻找完型线索——两大完型原则介绍与运用第三讲：摸清完型门径——解题步骤及文章内容的套路与框架第四讲：完型实操与讲解——课程检测第一讲：解密完型填空一、什么是完形填空在一篇表达完整、意义连贯的文章中，挖去一些词语，要求根据整个文章的内容、组织结构和语言特点，综合运用所学知识，从备选项中选出一个正确答案。二、检测原因：人类对于熟悉的事物有自觉补全的能力。所以学生在平时训练的过程中要提高两项能力：1、单词、词组和篇章的理解能力。2、应试技巧。三、完型填空的三大考点即三大题型；1、单词/词组：意义。例1.2010/44.A.diaryB.noteC.songD.story例2.2009/37.A.anyB.allC.bothD.neither例3.2009/38.A.lookedoutB.workedoutC.tookoutD.gotout★各个选项之间意义不太相近，因而难度系数不高。只要记住这个单词和词组就可以了。2、搭配：动词和介词、动词和宾语的搭配以及固定搭配的补全。★有些题是能直接根据选项做出来的。例4.2007.Thenshelookedintohis39.forthequalityofreviewsandreview.Article26threview(a)theCCRAcompliance,whethercopiesofchecks;(B)whetherdoubleinvestigation;(C)submissionofprogramcompliance,investigationorexaminationofwhetherviewsareclear;(D)theborrower,guarantorloans 39.A.faceB.footC.eyesD.Leg例5.2006.Imarriedandhadafamily_46_myown.46.A.atB.withC.ofD.For例6.2010.河南Hewenthome,hadagoodmealand_43_intoasoundsleep.A.fellB.lookedC.turnedD.walked★理解各个选项和空格前后所成搭配的意思，然后根据文章或句子的意思进行选择。例6.2009James45upfromhisseattodrinkatoast(举杯祝酒)tohisdear46Hesaid...45.A.pickedB.turnedC.lookedD.Stood例7.2006.Mum,I’mso____49____ofwhatyoudidforGrandpa.....Whatheleftbehindsparkled（闪烁）inmydaughter’seyes-pride.49.AfraidB.TiredC.fullD.proud3、推理。推理题是完型填空中最重要的题型。做完型最重要的是能根据文章和句意进行推理得出答案。在完型填空中主要有如下三种推理。①句内推理。通过本句就能获得答案。例8.2009.Twoofthechildrenloved36verymuch,butthefamilywassopoorthatitwasimpossibletosend37ofthemtostudyattheartcollegeatthesametime.37.A.anyB.allC.bothD.Neither例9.2008.Sheburied(埋藏)herhead46thequiltandcried.46.A.underB.onC.beforeD.Beside②句间推理。相隔较近的句子获得答案。往往在三句以内就有答案出现。例10.2010.Infact,she_36_nobodyexceptherboyfriend...Sheusedtotellherboyfriend,"IfIcouldseethe_38_,Iwouldmarryyou."（下一句）36.A.forgortB.lovedC.dislikedD.thanked例11.2008.Susanhadlongblondehairandbigblueeyes.Sodidmostoftheother_36_inherschoolclass..."Ilooklikeeveryoneelse!I'mnotspecial!"（下一句）36.A.childrenB.boysC.menD.Women例12.2008.Youareunique(独一无二)andspecial.47intheworldlooksjustlikeyou.（上一句）47.A.EverybodyB.SomebodyC.NobodyD.Anybody③语篇推理。在整个语篇中推理得出。例13.2009.hewouldsupporttheotherbrotherstudyingatthe41.41.A.homeB.mineC.collegeD.school出：thefamilywassopoorthatitwasimpossibletosend37ofthemtostudyattheartcollegeatthesametime.（上文）例14.2008.Shetookink(墨水)andpoureditalloverher40.40.A.neckB.noseC.eyesD.hair出：Susan44theinkoutofherhairandcleanherneck.（下文）补：较少出现语法题。三、完型填空为何简单？1、单词和搭配。l单词误区：forthequalityofreviewsandreview.Article26threview(a)theCCRAcompliance,whethercopiesofchecks;(B)whetherdoubleinvestigation;(C)submissionofprogramcompliance,investigationorexaminationofwhetherviewsareclear;(D)theborrower,guarantorloans ①考近义辨析。→选项与选项之间意义区别较大。②考难词。→考的基本都是此表中的黑体单词和词组，常用常考。l如何在短时间内突破这些常考词汇？★背诵！背诵！-背诵历年真题。常考词汇复现率高。【考前】-背诵课文。教材是命题的主要依据之一。【平时】在考前背诵两者，能在短时间内突破常考词汇，并提高语感。2、推理题：①词句复现原则。文章内容复现率高。【第二讲】例15.2008.Nobodynoticedthat,_39_.39.A.tooB.eitherC.alsoD.Neither出：Nobodylaughslikeyou,either.例16.2008.Onemorningher43wenttowakeherupandtoldhertogetreadyforschool.43.A.fatherB.motherC.sisterD.brother出："Susan,"hermothersaid,"youaredifferent.②逻辑推理原则。英语文章往往逻辑严谨，上文与下文存在严密的逻辑关系。比如逻辑关系词众多，代词指代，定语从句等等。做题时我们要留心这些信息词（逻辑连接词、代词、定语从句的关系词——关系代词/关系副词）例17.2010.Infact,she_36_(loved)nobodyexceptherboyfriend,forhewasalways_37_tohelpher.A.readyB.unhappyC.angryD.sad因果关系例18.2008.41nomatterwhatshedid,shestilldidn'tgetany42.42.A.attentionB.helpC.prizeD.answer[本身考逻辑关系]第二讲寻找完形填空的线索四、词句复现原则；近50%的重复信息。【能力练习】2008年中考真题：寻找specialSusanhadlongblondehairandbigblueeyes.Sodidmostoftheotherchildreninherschoolclass,whichtroubledheralot."Ilooklikeeveryoneelse!I'mnotspecial!I'mboring!"Susancomplainedtohermother.Shedecidedtotrytomakeherselflookdifferent.Shepaintedbigpinkspotsonherneckandwhenshedidn'tgetattention,shestuckalongplasticnoseontopofherrealnose.Nobodynoticedthat,either.Shetookink(墨水)andpoureditalloverherneck.Sheworeclown(小丑)clothestoschoolandstuckleavesinherears.Butnomatterwhatshedid,shestilldidn'tgetanyattentionandnobodythoughtshewasspecial.Onemorninghermotherwenttowakeherupandtoldhertogetreadyforschool.ShemadeSusanwashtheinkoutofherhairandcleanherneck."I'mnotgoingtoschooltoday!I'mboring!"Sheburied(埋藏)herheadunderthequiltandcried."Susan,"hermothersaid,"youaredifferent.Youareunique(独一无二)andspecial.Nobodyintheworldlooksjustlikeyou.Somepeoplehaveblondehairlikeyouandsomehaveblueeyeslikeyou,butnoneofthemhasyoursmileorthetwinkleinyoureyesoryourpinkface.Nobodylaughslikeyou,either.Nowgetupandgetreadyforschool."forthequalityofreviewsandreview.Article26threview(a)theCCRAcompliance,whethercopiesofchecks;(B)whetherdoubleinvestigation;(C)submissionofprogramcompliance,investigationorexaminationofwhetherviewsareclear;(D)theborrower,guarantorloans Susanwenttoschoolthatdayandlookedatalltheotherkidsinherclass."Momwasright.Nobodylooksjustlikeme."Susansmiled."Iamspecial.IamuniqueandIamnotboring!"-原形复现；例15；例16；例17:2010.Heaskedher,"Nowthatyoucanseetheworld,willyou_41_me?"41.A.followB.loveC.marryD.see出：Sheusedtotellherboyfriend,"IfIcouldseethe_38_,Iwouldmarryyou."例19.2010.河南Healso_44_diggingacanaltohisfield.44.A.stoppedB.lovedC.forgotD.started出：Hestarteddiggingacanaltohisfield.-近义复现；例：sad-unhappy-angrySee-lookatHear-listenMother/father-parentnewhouse-____holidaythere例20：2007.To50achampionfightingbackisawonderfulthingtowatch.50.A.lookB.hearC.knowD.See★近义复现在初中较少出现，但是作为各种完型题型的重点，也需引起重视。-关联复现；重点。Food-taste-eat-mealParents-childMarriage-love-wife&husband例21.2010.Beforeyoucomplainaboutyourold_49_,thinkofthepeoplewhoarelivinginthestreets.A.foodB.houseC.clothesD.bus例22.2008.Youareunique(独一无二)andspecial._47_intheworldlooksjustlikeyou.A.EverybodyB.SomebodyC.NobodyD.Anybody例23.2007.IfJohnhopedtojumpagain,hewouldhavea42todo.Hebeganatonce.42.A.littleB.lotC.fewD.bit-反义复现；逻辑推理原则；→信息词（一）逻辑关系词1.转折：but.However,yet,infact2.让步：though,although3.并列：and,or,again,still,either,too,same4.因果：sobecauseasfornowthat5.递进：also,what'smore/worse6.假设：if例24.2010.Shewouldnotliketobewithablindhusbandfortherestofherlife,soshe_43_toforthequalityofreviewsandreview.Article26threview(a)theCCRAcompliance,whethercopiesofchecks;(B)whetherdoubleinvestigation;(C)submissionofprogramcompliance,investigationorexaminationofwhetherviewsareclear;(D)theborrower,guarantorloans marryhim.43.decidedB.agreedC.refusedD.wanted例25.2008.41nomatterwhatshedid,shestilldidn'tgetany42andnobodythoughtshewasspecial.42.A.attentionB.helpC.prizeD.Answer例26.2008.At14Ijustcouldn’tunderstandwhypeoplewouldtakeapart（分解）apersonI_39_(loved)._40_myfathertoldhim,“Yes.”40.A.SoB.AsC.ButD.And（二）代词例27.2008Susanhadlongblondehairandbigblueeyes.Sodidmostoftheother36inherschoolclass,whichtroubledheralot.第三讲：摸清完型门道一、解题步骤1、细读首尾，猜测文意2、略读文章，粗选答案；3、两种推理，细细琢磨；4、填入答案，再次复查；【复查内容】：1、文章是否把握错误。2、小词上是否有错。【复查方法】：填入，阅读。逻辑关系审查。实操：二、初中完型套路1、记叙文为主；或者夹叙夹议——前半部分为记叙文，后半部分做出议论；-如果文章最后一段的人称发生改变，第一人称单数或者第三人称单数变成了第一人称复数或者第三人称复数；-如果是夹叙夹议的文章，可以通过文章的最后一段想明白最中心的意思。2、寓教于考；文章的开头往往和最后相反。好事变坏事，坏事变好事。实操：常考重点单词及连词讲解forthequalityofreviewsandreview.Article26threview(a)theCCRAcompliance,whethercopiesofchecks;(B)whetherdoubleinvestigation;(C)submissionofprogramcompliance,investigationorexaminationofwhetherviewsareclear;(D)theborrower,guarantorloans 宁波市历年真题集锦2010年真题2009年真题Once,inasmallvillage,livedafamilywitheightchildren.Twoofthechildrenloved36verymuch,butthefamilywassopoorthatitwasimpossibletosend37ofthemtostudyattheartcollegeatthesametime.Aftermanydiscussions,thetwoboysfinally38aplan.Theywouldtoss(抛)acoin.Theloserwouldgo39intothemines(煤矿)and,withhisearnings(赚得的钱),40hisforthequalityofreviewsandreview.Article26threview(a)theCCRAcompliance,whethercopiesofchecks;(B)whetherdoubleinvestigation;(C)submissionofprogramcompliance,investigationorexaminationofwhetherviewsareclear;(D)theborrower,guarantorloans brotherstudyingatthecollege.Then,whenthebrotherwhowonthetossfinishedhisstudies,afterfouryears,hewouldsupporttheotherbrotherstudyingatthe41JameswonthetossandJackwentdownintothemines.Jamesworkedwithallhisheartandhispaintingsweremuch42thanthoseofmostofhisteachers,andbythetimehe43,hewasbeginningtomakealotofmoneyforhispaintings.44Jamesreturned,thefamilyheldabigdinnerforhisgreatsuccess.Soonafterthemealbegan,James45upfromhisseattodrinkatoast(举杯祝酒)tohisdear46Hesaid,"Jack,nowyoucangototheartcollegeandyour47willcometrue.Iwilltakecareofyou."ButJacksaid48,"Brother,thefouryearsinthemineshasdonetoomuchtomyhands,soit‘stoo49NowIcan’tevenholdaglass."Toshowhisgreatloveandrespect,Jamesdrewhisbrother’shandswith50towardsthesky.Hecalledhisdrawing"ThePrayingHands",whichbecameveryfamousyearslater.36.A.paintingB.booksC.schoolD.money37.A.anyB.allC.bothD.neither38.A.lookedoutB.workedoutC.tookoutD.gotout39.A.offB.awayC.upD.down40.A.supportB.agreeC.followD.let41.A.homeB.mineC.collegeD.school42.A.betterB.worseC.cheaperD.older43.A.arrivedB.graduatedC.walkedD.waited44.A.BeforeB.WhenC.ThoughD.While45.A.pickedB.turnedC.lookedD.stood46.A.brotherB.sisterC.fatherD.mother47.A.wayB.ideaC.dreamD.practice48.A.happilyB.surprisedlyC.angrilyD.softly49.A.early.lateC.goodD.helpful50.A.legsB.feetC.armsD.fingers2008年真题Susanhadlongblondehairandbigblueeyes.Sodidmostoftheother36inherschoolclass,whichtroubledheralot."Ilooklikeeveryoneelse!I'mnotspecial!I'mboring!"Susan37tohermother.Shedecidedtotrytomakeherselflook38Shepaintedbigpinkspotsonherneckandwhenshedidn'tgetattention,shestuckalongplasticnoseontopofherrealnose.Nobodynoticedthat,39Shetookink(墨水)andpoureditalloverher40Sheworeclown(小丑)clothestoschoolandstuckleavesinherears.41nomatterwhatshedid,shestilldidn'tgetany42andnobodythoughtshewasspecial.Onemorningher43wenttowakeherupandtoldhertogetreadyforschool.ShemadeSusan44theinkoutofherhairandcleanherneck."I'mnotgoingtoschool45!I'mboring!"Sheburied(埋藏)herhead46thequiltandcried."Susan,"hermothersaid,"youaredifferent.Youareunique(独一无二)andspecial.47intheworldlooksjustlikeyou.Somepeoplehaveblondehairlikeyouandsomehaveblueeyesforthequalityofreviewsandreview.Article26threview(a)theCCRAcompliance,whethercopiesofchecks;(B)whetherdoubleinvestigation;(C)submissionofprogramcompliance,investigationorexaminationofwhetherviewsareclear;(D)theborrower,guarantorloans likeyou,butnoneofthemhasyoursmileorthetwinkleinyoureyesoryourpinkface.Nobodylaughslikeyou,either.Now48andgetreadyforschool."Susanwenttoschoolthatdayandlookedatalltheotherkidsinherclass."Momwas49Nobodylooksjustlikeme."Susansmiled."Iamspecial.IamuniqueandIamnot50!"36.A.childrenB.boysC.menD.women37.A.complainedB.listenedC.talkedD.spoke38.A.beautifulB.simpleC.differentD.happy39.A.tooB.eitherC.alsoD.neither40.A.neckB.noseC.eyesD.hair41.A.ThoughB.SoC.ButD.And42.A.attentionB.helpC.prizeD.answer43.A.fatherB.motherC.sisterD.brother44.A.pullB.washC.throwD.turn45.A.tomorrowB.nextweekC.nextyearD.today46.A.underB.onC.beforeD.beside47.A.EverybodyB.SomebodyC.NobodyD.Anybody48.A.getupB.getoffC.putupD.putoff49.A.wrongB.rightC.specialD.common50.A.movingB.interestingC.tiringD.boring2007年真题JohnThomaswasan18-year-oldstudent,buthehadbeenafamouschampion(冠军)EverybodyatBostonUniversitylikedthistail,quietboy.Oncehewashurt,everybodyatBostonUniversitywas36.Peoplealloverthecountry37aboutJohnThomasandoftenasked,"Willheeverjumpagain?"John'smotherwenttothehospitaltoseeherson.Shelookedathis38leg.Thenshelookedintohis39.Sheknewwhathersonwould40."You'regoingtojumpagain,John,Iknowit,"shesaid."41willbeallright."IfJohnhopedtojumpagain,hewouldhavea42todo.Hebeganatonce.EveninhishospitalbedJohnstartedtoexercise.Heusedawheel(轮子)andothermetalthings.Soonhis43lookedlikeamachineshop!ItwasMaywhenJohn44thehospital."IsitallrightifIgocamping(宿营)thissummer?"heaskedthedoctors."Yes,"thedoctorssaid."Buttakeiteasyonthatfool."Johntookonly45walksatfirst.Hewastakingiteasyonhisfoot.Butnotonanythingelse.Hewentswimminganddidotherkindsofexercises.Heexercised46hisbodycriedforarest.Somedayslater,heexercisedalittle47.InlatesummerJohnwentbackto48.Heaskedifhecouldpractisewiththefootballteam.Footballwasn'thisfavorite,buthehadtogetthatleg49again!Heworkedhard."Noonepushedhimashardashepushedhimself,"saidoneofhisfriends."To50achampionfightingbackisawonderfulthingtowatch.":36.A.sorryB.afraidC.aloneD.tired37.A.thoughtB.talkedC.heardD.moved38.A.brokenB.lostC.missingD.deadforthequalityofreviewsandreview.Article26threview(a)theCCRAcompliance,whethercopiesofchecks;(B)whetherdoubleinvestigation;(C)submissionofprogramcompliance,investigationorexaminationofwhetherviewsareclear;(D)theborrower,guarantorloans 39.A.faceB.footC.eyesD.leg40.A.makeB.useC.agreeD.do41.A.NothingB.AnythingC.SomethingD.Everything42.A.littleB.lotC.fewD.bit43.A.chairB.classroomC.homeD.bed44.A.reachedB.calledC.leftD.found45.A.shortB.longC.quickD.fast46.A.afterB.ifC.untilD.when47.A.laterB.betterC.moreD.less48.A.schoolB.hospitalC.shopD.church49.A.thickB.strongC.straightD.hard50.A.lookB.hearC.knowD.see2006年真题I’llneverforgetonesummerdayin1975.Onthatdaymy____36____suddenlydiedbecauseofanunexplainedillnessattheageof36.Laterthatafternoon,apoliceofficer____37____tomyhousetoaskformyfather’spermission（允许）forthehospitalto____38____Mother’svalve（心脏瓣膜）.Iwasgreatlysurprised.Iranintothehouseintears.At14Ijustcouldn’tunderstandwhypeoplewouldtakeapart（分解）apersonI____39____.____40____myfathertoldhim,“Yes.”“Howcanyouletthemdothattoher?”I____41____him.“Linda,”hesaid____42____,puttinghisarmsaroundme,“thegreatestpresentyoucangiveisapartof____43____.YourmotherandIdecidedlongagothatifwecanmakeaperson’slife____44____afterwedied,ourdeathwillhavemeaning.”Thelessonmyfathertaughtmethatdaybecameoneofthemost____45____inmylife.Yearspassed.Imarriedandhadafamily____46____myown.In1996myfatherbecameseriouslyill.Withasmilehetoldmethatwhenhedied,hewantedtodonate（捐赠）____47____wasingoodcondition（状况）,especiallyhiseyes.Myfatherdiedandwedonated____48____ashehadwanted.Threedayslater,mydaughtersaid,“Mum,I’mso____49____ofwhatyoudidforGrandpa.”AtthatmomentIrealizedthatmyfathergave____50____hiseyes.Whatheleftbehindsparkled（闪烁）inmydaughter’seyes-pride.36.A.fatherB.motherC.grandmaD.grandpa37.A.shoutedB.sentC.cameD.reached38.A.operateB.useC.makeD.repair39.A.lovedB.lostC.forgotD.remembered40.A.SoB.AsC.ButD.Andforthequalityofreviewsandreview.Article26threview(a)theCCRAcompliance,whethercopiesofchecks;(B)whetherdoubleinvestigation;(C)submissionofprogramcompliance,investigationorexaminationofwhetherviewsareclear;(D)theborrower,guarantorloans 41.A.reportedB.saidtoC.toldD.criedat42.A.quietlyB.happilyC.angrilyD.loudly43.A.yourselfB.myselfC.himselfD.herself44.A.worseB.poorerC.betterD.morehelpful45.A.wonderfulB.importantC.warm-heartedD.beautiful46.A.atB.withC.ofD.for47.A.howeverB.whichC.whoeverD.whatever48.A.hisheartB.hiseyesC.hislifeD.hisears49.A.afraidB.tiredC.fullD.proud50.A.muchmorethanB.lessthanC.manymorethanD.asmuchas2004年真题OnehotnightlastJulywhenournewbabywouldn'torcouldn'tsleep,I_36everythingIcouldthinkof;awarmbottle,songs,gentlerocking.Nothingwouldmakehimgotosleep.GuessingthatIhadalong37aheadofme,IbroughtaportableTVintohisroom,thinkingthatwatchingthelatemoviewasthebestwaytokilloffthe38untilearlymorning.Tomy39,assoonastheTVlitup,thebaby40rightnowandhislittleeyeswerefixedbrightlyonthescreen.Nottowasteachancefor41,Ithenwalkedoutoftheroomquietly,42himtowatchMickeyMouse.MywifeandIheard43ofthebabythatnight,andthenextmorningwhenIwentintohisroom,I44himstillwatchingTVhimself.Ifoundsomethingforustothinkoverinmybaby'sbehavior(行为).MywifeandIhadgivenhimsomebookstoexamine,45hetooknonoticeofthem.Whenwe__46tohim,hedidnotfeel47.Andsoitisintheschools.Wefindthatourstudentsdon'treadandtheylookdownuponreadingandscold(责备)thoseofuswhoteachit.AlltheywanttodoiswatchingTV.Afterthisexperiencewiththe48,however,Ihavereachedaconclusion(结论),"Letthemwatchit!Iftelevisionismuchmore49tochildrenthanbooks,50shouldwefightit?Letthemwatchalltheywant!"36.A.tookB.madeC.triedD.learned37.A.morningB.afternoonC.eveningD.night38.A.hoursB.filmsC.daysD.books39.A.joyB.happinessC.surpriseD.anger40.A.satB.sleptC.stayedD.quieted41.A.workB.studyC.sleepD.play42.A.askingB.leavingC.lettingD.allowing43.A.anythingB.somethingC.nothingD.everything44.A.heardB.foundC.feltD.watched45.A.whenB.sinceC.butD.and46.A.readB.listenedC.talkedD.wroteforthequalityofreviewsandreview.Article26threview(a)theCCRAcompliance,whethercopiesofchecks;(B)whetherdoubleinvestigation;(C)submissionofprogramcompliance,investigationorexaminationofwhetherviewsareclear;(D)theborrower,guarantorloans 47.A.difficultB.comfortableC.shyD.wonderful48.A.studentsB.babyC.readingsD.TV49.A.attractiveB.strangeC.boringD.surprising50.A.whatB.howC.whenD.whyforthequalityofreviewsandreview.Article26threview(a)theCCRAcompliance,whethercopiesofchecks;(B)whetherdoubleinvestigation;(C)submissionofprogramcompliance,investigationorexaminationofwhetherviewsareclear;(D)theborrower,guarantorloans