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1、定语从句一、基本概念:定语:定语从句:在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。如:Doyouknowthemanwhospokeatthemeetingjustnow?Thatisthehousewherehelivedtenyearsago.引导词:关系词关系代词有:that,who,whom,whose,which;在从句中充当:关系副词有:when,where,why.在从句充当:先行词:定语从句中引导词的作用:二、关系词的用法:(一)关系代词的用法:1.作主语用who,which和that,如:Heisthemanwh
2、o/thatlivesnextdoor.Thetrainwhich/thathasjustleftisforShenzhen.2.作宾语用whom,who,which,that,如:Theman(whom/who/that)wehavejustseenisafamouswriter.Whereisthebook(which/that)Iboughtlastweek?注:在非正式文体中,用于指人的关系代词whowhom,that通常可以省略,但在正式文体中通常用whom,不可省略;用于指物的关系代词which和that在非正式文体中也通
3、常省略,但在正式文体中一般不省略。3.作定语用whose,如:(a)Heisthemanwhosecarwasstolenlastweek.(b)ItwasameetingwhoseimportanceIdidnotrealizeatthattime.注:“whose+名词中心词”这一结构在定语从句中既能作主语(如上a句),又能作宾语(如上b句)。whose的先行词常用来指人,但有时也可以用来指具体事物或抽象概念,这时可以与ofwhich结构互换,词序是:“名词+ofwhich”,如:Theycametoahousewhoseback
4、wallhadbrokendown..(=thebackwallofwhich)He’swrittenabookthenameofwhichI’vecompletelyforgotten.(=whosename)4.作表语只用that,它既可以指人,也可以指物,但时常省略。如:Heisnolongerthemanthatheusedtobe.Thisisnolongerthedirtyplace(that)itusedtobe.(二)关系副词的用法:1.when指时间,在从句中作时间状语,它的先行词通常有:time,day,morni
5、ng,night,week,year等。如:IstillrememberthetimewhenIfirstbecameacollegestudent.DoyouknowthedatewhenLincolnwasborn?注:when时常可以省略,特别是在某些句型和某些时间状语中。如:Eachtimehecame,hedidhisbesttohelpus.Buthelpneverstoppedcomingfromthedayshefellill.2.where指地点,在从句中作地点状语。它的先行词通常有:place,spot,stree
6、t,house,room,city,town,country等,如:Thisisthehotelwheretheyarestaying.IforgetthehousewheretheSmithslived.注:where有时也可以省略。如:Thisistheplace(where)wemetyesterday.3.why指原因或理由,它的先行词只有reason。如:Thatisthereasonwhyheisleavingsosoon.注:why时常也可以省略。如:Thatistherealreasonhedidit.(三)使用关系副
7、词应注意下列几点:1.这三个关系副词在意义上都相当于一定的介词+which结构:when=on(in,at,during…)+which;where=in(at,on…)+which;why=forwhich.如:IwasinBeijingonthedaywhen(=onwhich)hearrived.Theofficewhere(=inwhich)heworksisonthethirdfloor.Thisisthechiefreasonwhy(=forwhich)wedidit.2.当先行词是表时间的time,day等和表地点的pl
8、ace,house等时,一定要注意分析从句的结构,如果缺少主语或宾语时,关系词应该用which或that,缺少时间状语或地点状语时,才能用when或where,试比较:I’llneverforgetthedaywhenm