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1、定语从句一、基本概念:在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词;定语从句一般用关系代词或关系副词来引导,关系词放在先行词与定语从句之间起连接作用,同时又作从句中的一个成分如:1)Themanwholivesnexttousisapoliceman.2)YoumustdoeverythingthatIdo.上面两句中的man和everything是定语从句所修饰的词,叫先行词,定语从句放在先行词的后面。关系词常有三个作用:1、引导定语从句2、代替先行词3、在定语从句中担当一个成
2、分引导定语从句的关系代词有:that,who,whom,whose,which;关系副词有:when,where,why.二、关系词的用法:(一)关系代词的用法:(that,who,whom,whose,which;)1.who指人,在从句中做主语(1)TheboyswhoareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.(2)YesterdayIhelpedanoldmanwholosthisway.2.whom指人,在定语从句中充当宾语,常可省略。(1)Mr.Liuistheperson
3、(whom)youtalkedabout.注意:关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替,可省略。(2)Themanwho/whomyoumetjustnowismyfriend.3.which指物,在定语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略(1)Footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys.(which在句子中做主语)(2)Thisisthepen(which)heboughtyesterday.(which在句子中做宾语)4.that指人时,相当于who或者whom
4、;指物时,相当于which。在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略。(1)Thepeoplethat/whocometovisitthecityareallhere.(在句子中做主语)(2)Whereisthemanthat/whomIsawthismorning?(在句子中做宾语)5.whose通常指人,也可指物,在定语从句中做定语(1)Heisthemanwhosecarwasstolenlastweek.(2)ItwasameetingwhoseimportanceIdidnotrealizeatt
5、hattime.注:“whose+名词中心词”这一结构在定语从句中既能作主语(如上1句),又能作宾语(如上2句)。whose的先行词常用来指人,但有时也可以用来指具体事物或抽象概念,这时可以与ofwhich结构互换,词序是:“名词+ofwhich”,如:Theycametoahousewhosebackwallhadbrokendown..(=thebackwallofwhich)He’swrittenabookthenameofwhichI’vecompletelyforgotten.(=whosename
6、)总结:1.作主语用who,which和that,2.作宾语用whom,who,which,that,注:在非正式文体中,用于指人的关系代词whowhom,that通常可以省略,但在正式文体中通常用whom,不可省略;用于指物的关系代词which和that在非正式文体中也通常省略,但在正式文体中一般不省略。3.作定语用whose4.作表语只用that,它既可以指人,也可以指物,但时常省略。如:Heisnolongerthemanthatheusedtobe.Thisisnolongerthedirtyplac
7、e(that)itusedtobe.一、典型例题()1、-Doyouknowtheman______istalkingwithyourfather?-Yes,he‘sourheadmaster.A.heB.whoC.whichD.whom()2、Thegirl______isreadingunderthetree_____mysister.A.which;isB.whom;wasC.who;isD.who;was()3、HaveyouseenthefilmTitanic___actorsareveryfamo
8、us?AwhoBwhoseCthatDwhom()4、Annaskedthepoliceman___heworkedtocontacthimwhenevertherewasanaccident.AwithhimBwithwhomCwhoDwhom()5、Achild____parentsaredeadiscalledanorphan.AwhichBhisCwhoseDwith()6、Thisisth