西政发硬基础英语2001[试卷+答案]

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1、北京外国语大学2001年研究生入学考试基础英语试卷ⅠAnationdividedWhattodoabouttheeverwideninggulfbetweenrichandpoor?MortimerB.ZuckermanWearebecomingtwonations.Theprosperousarerapidlygettingmoreprosperousandthepoorareslowlygettingpoorer.GeorgeW.BushdidwelltorebukehispartywhenHouseRepublic

2、ansmaneuveredtobalancethebudgetbyproposingtodelaytheearnedincometaxcreditfortheworkingpoor—payingitinmonthlyinstallmentsratherthananannuallumpsum.“Idon’tthinktheyoughttobalancethebudgetonthebacksofthepoor,”Bushsaid.Instead,itistimeforaspiringleaderstoponderhowthe

3、twonationsmightmorecloselybecomeone.TheAmericaneconomyisgrowingdramatically.Butthisprosperityisbeingdistributedveryunevenly.TheAmericathatisdoingwellisdoingverywellindeed.Butmostbenefitshavegonetothosewhoworkinindustrieswherethemainproductisinformation.Thelosersh

4、avebeentheproducersoftangiblegoodsandpersonalservices—eventeachersandhealthcareproviders.Thehigh-techinformationeconomyhasbeengrowingatapproximately10timestherateoftheolderindustrialeconomy.Ithasenjoyedsubstantialjobgrowth,thehighestproductivitygains（about30perce

5、ntayear）,andbiggerprofits.Itcanthereforeaffordbiggerwagegains（aboutfourtimesthatoftheoldereconomy）.Andthiswagegapislikelytowidenforyearstocome.Therichgetricher.Theconcentrationofwealthisevenmoredramatic.NewYorkUniversityeconomistEdwardWolffpointsoutthatthetop20pe

6、rcentofAmericansaccountformorethan100percentofthetotalgrowthinwealthfrom1983to1997whilethebottom80percentlost7percent.Anotherstudyfoundthatthetop1percentsawtheirafter-taxincomejump115percentinthepast22years.Thetopfifthhaveseenanafter-taxincreaseof43percentduringt

7、hesameperiodwhilethebottomfifthofallAmericans—includingmanyworkingmothers—haveseentheirafter-taxincomesfall9percent.Theresultisthat4outof5households—some217millionpeople—willtakehomeathinnersliceoftheeconomicpiethantheydid22yearsago.Therearethosewhopointoutthatth

8、eseincomefiguresdonotfullyreflecttheimprovementinthestandardoflivingandsaythatattentionshouldbepaidtowhatAmericansown,whattheybuy,andhowtheylive,Afairpoint.Two