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1、中外检察制度比较研究(Comparativestudyofprocuratorialsystemathomeandabroad)ComparativestudyofprocuratorialsystemathomeandabroadLiuyoushengI.ThesettingpatternandleadershipsystemofprocuratorialorgansinvariouscountriesThesettingupoftheprocuratorialorganreflectsthestatusofthep
2、rocuratorialorganinthestateorgans,anditisalsotheprerequisitefortheeffectivemanagementoftheprocuratorialorgananditsefficient,democraticandjustoperation.Thesetupandleadershipsystemofprocuratorialorgansindifferentcountrieshavebothsimilaritiesanddifferences.Settingm
3、odeTherearegenerallytwowaystosetupprocuratorialorgans;Oneistheexaminationinone,namelytheprocuratorialorgansandcourtscallsigntwoorgansinthesameofficeorcheckyamenoroffices.ThiswayisthemostcivillawcountriessetsuchasFrance,GermanyandItaly.Frenchprosecutorscoexistint
4、hegeneralcourt,theFrenchgeneralcourtsetthree,namelytheSupremeCourt,theappealcourt,thejuniorcourt.Amongthethreecourtsare:thesupremeprocuratorgeneral,theprosecutor,thecourtofappeal,theprocuratorgeneral,theassistantattorneygeneralandseveralrepresentativesoftheprose
5、cutor;theprocuratoroftheRepublicandthedeputyprosecutor.Germanprosecutorsandcourtsandofficestosetthecorrespondingcourtsystem,federalprosecutorsinthefederalcourts;procuratorialorgansunderfederalandstateprosecutors,onlysenior,locatedinthestateandthestateSupremeCour
6、t;thelocalcourtcriminaltrialactivitiesbytheprosecutorinchargeinstatelawschool.Inaddition,althoughCanadabelongstothecommonlawcountriesingeneral,theprocuratorialorgansarealsosetupatalllevelsofcourts:theSupremeCourthasthechiefprocuratoranddeputychiefprocurator;andt
7、hecourthastheprocuratorgeneral.Twocheckpointsisvertical,theprocuratorialorgansetseparately,andcompletelyseparatedfromthecourt,alsoknownascheckbranch,nowmostofthecountrieshaveadoptedthisapproachascommonlawcountriessuchasEnglandandAmerica;JapanFredericktrialbefore
8、theSecondWorldWar,andafterWorldWarII,theprocuratorialorganswillbeseparatedfromthecourt,sinceasanindependentsystem,andhasbeensincetheimplementationofthe52day,theprocur