2013美国数模竞赛题目翻译(主要是c题翻译)

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1、ICMPROBLEMPROBLEMC: NetworkModelingofEarth'sHealthClickthetitlebelowtodownloadaPDFofthe2013ICMProblem.YourICMsubmissionshouldconsistofa1pageSummarySheetandyoursolutioncannotexceed20pagesforamaximumof21pages.NetworkModelingofEarth'sHealth2013ICMProblemNetworkModelingofEarth'sHealt

2、hBackground: Societyisinterestedindevelopingandusingmodelstoforecastthebiologicalandenvironmentalhealthconditionsofourplanet.ManyscientificstudieshaveconcludedthatthereisgrowingstressonEarth'senvironmentalandbiologicalsystems,butthereareveryfewglobalmodelstotestthoseclaims.TheUN-

3、backed MillenniumEcosystemAssessmentSynthesisReport foundthatnearlytwo-thirdsofEarth'slife-supportingecosystems—includingcleanwater,pureair,andstableclimate—arebeingdegradedbyunsustainableuse.Humansareblamedformuchofthisdamage.Soaringdemandsforfood,freshwater,fuel,andtimberhaveco

4、ntributedtodramaticenvironmentalchanges;fromdeforestationtoair,land,andwaterpollution.Despitetheconsiderableresearchbeingconductedonlocalhabitatsandregionalfactors,currentmodelsdonotadequatelyinformdecisionmakershowtheirprovincialpolicesmayimpacttheoverallhealthoftheplanet.Manymo

5、delsignorecomplexglobalfactorsandareunabletodeterminethelong-rangeimpactsofpotentialpolicies.Whilescientistsrealizethatthecomplexrelationshipsandcross-effectsinmyriadenvironmentalandbiologicalsystemsimpactEarth'sbiosphere,currentmodelsoftenignoretheserelationshipsorlimitthesystem

6、s'connections.Thesystemcomplexitiesmanifestinmultipleinteractions,feedbackloops,emergentbehaviors,andimpendingstatechangesortippingpoints.Therecent Nature articlewrittenby22internationallyknownscientistsentitled"ApproachingastateshiftinEarth'sbiosphere"outlinesmanyoftheissuesasso

7、ciatedwiththeneedforscientificmodelsandtheimportanceofpredictingpotentialstatechangesoftheplanetaryhealthsystems.Thearticleprovidestwospecificquantitativemodelingchallengesintheircallforbetterpredictivemodels:背景：建立并使用模型去预测我们星球的生态环境条件是现在社会最感兴趣的话题。许多科学研究表明，地球的生态环境面临着越来越大的压力。但是也很少有全

8、球模型来验证那些推论。联合国年生态系统评估的综合报告发现,近三分之二的地球维持生