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1、中国生物防治学报稿件--黄瓜白粉病菌拮抗真菌鉴定及生防效果评价黄瓜白粉病菌拮抗真菌鉴定及生防效果评价卢幸蓉,陈大为,张树武,刘佳,徐秉良(甘肃农业大学植物保护学院,兰州730070)摘要:通过组织分离法、孢子萌发法、叶圆盘法及室内盆栽法对黄瓜白粉病菌拮抗真菌进行了分离筛选和防治效果评价,并利用形态学和分子生物学对其进行鉴定。结果表明,从侵染黄瓜叶片的白粉病菌菌落边缘组织中共分离获得21个菌株,其中菌株JK-13具有较高的拮抗活性,48h后,其发酵液对白粉孢子萌发的抑制率为89.93%,对离体叶片白粉病的防效达88.02%,盆栽幼苗白粉病的防效为76.
2、34%。经显微镜下观察发现JK-13发酵液处理的离体叶片白粉孢子皱缩,甚至停止生长。结合形态学和分子生物学方法鉴定该菌为腐皮镰刀菌(Fusariumsolani)。关键词:黄瓜白粉病;拮抗真菌;鉴定;生物防治*Identificationandevaluationthebio-controlefficacyofantagonisticfungiagainstcucumberpowderymildewLUXingrong,CHENDawei,ZHANGShuwu,LIUJia,XUBingliang(CollegeofPlantProtection,G
3、ansuAgriculturalUniversity,Lanzhou730070,China)*Abstracts:Inordertoevaluatethebio-controlpotentialofantagonisticfungiagainstcucumberpowderymildewinthepresentstudy,theantagonisticfungiwereisolatedandscreenedbythemethodsoftissueisolation,sporesgermination,leavesdiscandgreenhousee
4、xperiments.Also,theantagonisticfungiwereidentifiedbycharacteristicofmorphologyandmolecularbiology.Theresultedshowedthat21strainsofantagonisticfungiwereisolatedfromtheedgeofcucumbertissuewhichwasinfectedwiththepathogenofSphaerothecafuliginea.Amongalltheisolatedstrains,thestraino
5、fJK-13presentedthehighestcontrolefficacyinvitroandgreenhouseexperiments.Theinhibitoryratesofsporesgerminationby83.93%after48hours,andthecontrolefficacywasashighas88.02%and76.34%inleafandpotexperiments,respectively.MicroscopeobservationshowedthatthesporesofSphaerothecafuligineaw
6、erebecomeshrank,andevenstopgrowingafterapplicationwiththefermentationofJK-13inleafdisc.Moreover,thestrainofJK-13wasidentifiedasFusariumsolanibycombingwiththecharacteristicofmorphologyandmolecularbiology.Keywords:cucumber;antagonisticfungi;identification;biologicalcontrol基金项目:甘肃
7、省国际科技合作专项(1604WKCA010);甘肃省农牧厅生物技术专项(GNSW-2013-19);苹果主要病害生物防控技术研发与集成(2016YFD0201112)*作者简介:卢幸蓉,女,硕士研究生,E-mail:Luxingrong589@126.com;通讯作者,教授,E-mail:xubl@gsau.edu.cn。白粉病是黄瓜栽培过程中常见病害之一,在全国各地均有发生,尤其北方温室和大棚内最易发生[1]。因白粉病影响叶片的光合作用,对黄瓜生长后期造成很大的产量损失,发病严重时可引起50%的产量损失,甚至造成绝产[2]。随着温室黄瓜栽培的面积的
8、逐年增加,黄瓜白粉病的危害也更加广泛。目前,黄瓜白粉病的防治主要是杀菌剂和抗病品种并结合一些简单的农业措施,