《英语语言学》复习重点(1)

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1、《英语语言学》复习重点ChapterIInvitationtolinguistics1.Whatislanguageandlinguistics?lLanguageisasystemofarbitraryvocalsymbolsusedforhumancommunication.Togivethebarestdefinition,languageisameansofverbalcommunication.Itisinstrumental,socialandconventional.lLinguisticsisusuallydefinedasthescienceoflangua

2、geor,alternatively,asthescientificstudyoflanguage.Itconcernswiththesystematicstudyoflanguageor,adisciplinethatdescribesallaspectsoflanguageandformulatestheoriesastohowlanguageworks.2.Whatarethedesignfeaturesoflanguage?Thedefinitionofthesedesignfeatures:arbitrariness,duality,creativity,anddi

3、splacementlDesignfeaturesreferstothedefiningpropertiesofhumanlanguagethatdistinguishitfromanyanimalsystemofcommunication.Theyarearbitrariness,duality,creativity,displacement,etc..lArbitrarinessreferstoformsoflinguisticsignsbearnonaturalrelationshiptotheirmeaningLanguageisarbitrary.Thereisno

4、logicalconnectionbetweenmeaningsandsounds,evenwithonomatopoeicwordslDualityreferstothepropertyofhavingtwolevelsofstructure.Theunitsoftheprimarylevelarecomposedofelementsofthesecondarylevelandeachofthetwolevelshasitsownprinciplesoforganization.lCreativityreferstoWordscanbeusedinnewwaystomean

5、newthings,andcanbeinstantlyunderstoodbypeoplewhohavenevercomeacrossthatusagebefore.lDisplacementreferstothefactthatlanguagecanbeusedtorefertothingswhicharepresentornotpresent,realorimaginedmattersinthepast,present,orfuture,orinfar-awayplaces.Itmeansthathumanlanguagesenabletheiruserstosymbol

6、izeobjects,eventsandconceptswhicharenotpresent(intimeandspace)atthemomentofcommunication.3.Jakobson’sclassificationoffunctionsoflanguage.1).Referentialfunction所指功能2).Poeticfunction诗学功能3).Emotivefunction感情功能4).Conativefunction意动功能5).Phaticfunction交感功能6).Metalingual元语言功能HuZhuanglin’classifica

7、tionoffunctionsoflanguageandusesomeexamplestoillustratethem.1).Informativefunction信息功能2).Interpersonalfunction人际功能3).Performativefunction施为功能4).Emotivefunction感情功能5).Phaticcommunion交感性谈话6).Recreationalfunction娱乐性功能7).Metalingualfunction元语言功能4.Thedefiniti