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1、巴西石油体制改革回顾（AreviewofthereformofpetroleumsysteminBrazil）AreviewofthereformofpetroleumsysteminBrazilInJanuary1998,BrazilunderthenewpetroleumlawestablishedtheNationalPetroleumAgency(ANP),launchedtheoilreform,cancelthemonopolyofthestateoilcompany,forprivateandforeigncapitaltoopenthe
2、oilfield.Overthepast10years,theoriginalmonopolycompanyrevitalization,explorationanddevelopmentofthemarketdynamic,Brazil'soilproductionandreservesarealmostdoubled,becomeanetexporterofoilfromanetimporterofoilandattheendof2007.Brazil,apetroleumsystemreformprocessIn90s,theBrazilecon
3、omyisinarelativelydifficultperiod.ThisisthetransformationofLatinAmerica'slargesteconomytoenjoyhigheconomicgrowth,withthedecreaseinforeigninvestment,economicimbalanceandotherfactors,economicgrowthrateslowed,inflation.Pressureathomeandabroad,thegovernmentofBraziltofurtherdeepenthe
4、reformof,theimplementationofaseriesofnewpoliciestochangethissituation,focusonfinancialreform,economicrestructuringandprivatization,topromotemarketeconomyorientedeconomicpolicy.Itisinthiscontext,thereformofpetroleumsysteminBrazilhasbeenputontheschedule.Before1997,Petrobrasasthena
5、tionaloilcompany,istheonlyoneinthepetroleumexplorationanddevelopment,hastheconstitutionaladministrativemonopolyprivileges,PetrobraswasformallyestablishedinMarch1954,accordingtotheoldoillawpromulgatedinOctober1953,PetrobrasonbehalfoftheStateresponsibleforallthepetroleumexploratio
6、nanddevelopmentinBrazil,crudeoilandnaturalgasaswellasmanufacturedgoodstransport,includingshippingandpipelinetransport.Inadditiontoalreadyhadtwosmallprivaterefineries,allrefiningbusinesshasbeencollectedinthebagPetrobras.Inthehistoricalbackgroundofthetime,thisisanimportantmeasureo
7、fself-relianceinBrazilpetroleumandnaturalgasindustrydevelopment,inthesubsequentdevelopment,PetrobrasactuallycompletedtheBraziloilandgasindustrycomprehensivecontrol.Inthedecadesofexplorationanddevelopment,itshouldbesaidthatPetrobrasachievedgoodresults.In1997,BrazilNissanmillionba
8、rrelsofcrudeoilintotheranksofthecountry,rankeds
