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1、附录：英文资料及翻译英文原文：DATABASEMANAGEMENTSYSTEMSYouknowthatadataisacollectionoflogicallyrelateddataelementsthatmaybestructuredinvariouswaystomeetthemultipleprocessingandretrievalneedsoforganizationsandindividuals.there’snothingnewaboutdatabases-earlyoneswerechiseledinst-one,pennedon
2、scrolls,andwrittenonindexcards.butmowdatabasesarecommonlyrecordedonmagnetizeablemedia,andcomputerprogramsarerequiredtoperformthenecessarystorageadretrievaloperations.Thesystemsoftwarepackagethathandlesthedifficulttasksassociatedwithcreating,accessing,andmaintainingdatabasere
3、cordsisinaDBMSpackageestablishaninterfacebetweenthedatabaseitselfandtheusersofthedatabase.(theseusersmaybeapplicationsprogrammers,managersandotherswithinformationneeds,andvariousOSprograms.)ADBMScanorganize,process,andpresentselecteddataelementsfromthedatabase.thiscapability
4、enablesdecisionmakerstosearch.probe,andquerydatabasecontentsinordertoextractanswerstononrecurringandunplannedquestionsthataren’tavailableinregularreports.thesequestionsmightinitiallybevagueand/orpoorlydefined,butpeoplecan“browse”throughthedatabaseuntiltheyhavetheneededinform
5、ation.inshort,theDBMSwill“manage”thestoreddataitemsandassembletheneededitemsfromthecommondatabaseinresponsetothequeriesofthosewhoaren’tprogrammers.Inafile-orientedsystem,usersneedingspecialinformationmaycommunicatetheirneedstoaprogrammer,who,whentimepermits,willinformation.T
6、heavailabilityofaDBMS,however,offersusersamuchfasteralternativecommunicationspath(seefigure).Sequential,direct,andotherfileprocessingapproachesareusedtoorganizeandstructuredatainsinglefiles.butaDBMSisabletointegratedataelementsfromseveralfilestoanswerspecificuserinquiriesfir
7、information.ThismeansthattheDBMSisabletointegratedataelementsfromseveralfilestoanswerspecificuserinquiriesforinformation.ThismeansthattheDBMSisabletoaccessandretrievedatafromnonkeyrecordfields.Thatis,theDBMSisabletostructureandtietogetherthelogicallyrelateddatafromseverallar
8、gefiles.Logicalstructures.Identifyingtheselogicalrelationshipsisajoboftheda
