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1、1.AmericanPuritanismitcomesfromtheAmericanpuritans,whowerethefirstimmigrantsmovedtoAmericancontinentinthe17thcentury.Originalsin,predestination（预言）andsalvation（拯救）werethebasicideasofAmericanPuritanism.And,hard-working,piousness（虔诚,尽职），thriftandsobriety（清醒）werepraised.2.Romanticism:theliteratu
2、retermwasfirstappliedtothewritersofthe18thcenturyinEuropewhobrokeawayfromtheformalrulesofclassicalwriting.WhenitwasusedinAmericanliteratureitreferredtothewritersofthemiddleofthe19thcenturywhostimulated（刺激）thesentimentalemotionsoftheirreaders.Theywroteofthemysteriousoflife,love,birthanddeath.T
3、heRomanticwritersexpressedthemselvesfreelyandwithoutrestraint.Theywroteallkindsofmaterials,poetry,essays,plays,fictions,history,worksoftravel,andbiography.3.2.Transcendentalism(先验说,超越论):isaphilosophicandliterarymovementthatflourishedinNewEngland,particularatConcord,asareactionagainstRationali
4、smandCalvinism(理性主义and喀尔文主义).MainlyitstressedintuitiveunderstandingofGod,withoutthehelpofthechurch,andadvocatedindependenceofthemind.TherepresentativewritersareEmersonandThoreau.4.Localcolorism:asatrendbecamedominantinAmericanliteratureinthe1860sandearly1870s，itisdefinedbyHamlinGarlandashavin
5、gsuchqualityoftextureandbackgroundthatitcouldnothavebeenwritteninanyotherplaceorbyanyoneelsethananativestoriesoflocalcolorismhaveaqualityofcircumstantial(详细的)authenticity(确实性),aslocalcoloriststriedtoimmortalize(使不朽)thedistinctivenatural,socialandlinguisticfeatures.Itischaracteristicofvernacul
6、ar(本国语)languageandsatirical(讽刺的)humor5.Streamofconsciousness（意识流）：Itisoneofthemodernliterarytechniques.Itisthestyleofwritingthatattemptstoimitatethenaturalflowofacharacter’sthoughts,feelings,reflections,memories,andmentalimagesasthecharacterexperiencesthem.Itwasfirstusedin1922bytheIrishnoveli
7、stJamesJoyce.Thosenovelsbrokethroughtheboundsoftimeandspace,anddepictedvividlyandskillfullytheunconsciousactivityofthemindfastchangingandflowingincessantly。6.AmericanRealism:InAmericanliterature,theCivilWarbroughttheRomanticPeriodtoanend.TheA
