名校研究生入学考试真题选2

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1、名校研究生入学考试真题选2ChaptersTwo&Three:Phonetics&PhonologyI.名词解释1.（复旦大学1996，浙江大学2001年考题）narrowtranscription考点分析：严式音标的定义Answer:Therearetwowaystotranscribespeechsounds.Oneisthe“broadtranscription”---thetranscriptionwithletter-symbolsonly,andtheotheris“narrowtranscription”

2、---thetranscriptionwithletter-symbolsaccompaniedbythediacriticswhichcanhelpbringoutthefinerdistinctionsthanthelettersalonemaypossiblydo.2.(南开大学2003年考题)Illustratetheterm“allophone”withatleastoneappropriateexample.考点分析：考查音位变体概念Answer:Allophonesarethedifferentmembe

3、rsofaphoneme,soundswhicharephoneticallydifferentbutdonotmakeoneworddifferentfromanotherinmeaning.Forexample,inEnglish,thephoneme/l/ispronounceddifferentlyin“let”,“play”and“tell”.Thefirst/l/ismadebyraisingthefrontofthetonguetothehardpalate,whilethevocalcordsarevi

4、brating;thesecond/l/ismadewiththesametonguepositionasthefirst,butthevocalcordsarenotvibrating;andthethird/l/ismadebyraisingnotonlythefrontbyalsothebackofthetonguewhilethevocalcordsarevibrating.II.判断正误1.（大连外国语学院2000，2001，2002年考题）/o/isamid-highfrontroundedvowel.考点

5、分析：描述和识别基本元音的发音特点Answer:F(/o/isamid-highBACKroundedvowel.)2.(清华大学2001年考题)Aphonemeinonelanguageoronedialectmaybeanallophoneinanotherlanguageordialect.考点分析：考查音位与音位变体的语言相对性Answer:TIII.填空题1.（大连外国语学院2001年考题）Thethreecavitiesinthearticulatoryapparatusare________,______

6、__,and___________.考点分析：考查发音器官中的三个腔。Answer:pharynx,thenasalcavity,theoralcavity.2.(武汉大学2000年考题)Bythepositionofthe_______partofthetongue,vowelsareclassifiedasfrontvowels,centralvowelsandbackvowels.考点分析：考查元音的划分方法。Answer：highest3.(中山大学2004年考题)_______referstothechang

7、eofasoundasaresultoftheinfluenceofanadjacentsound.考点分析：考查同化现象的概念Answer:Assimilation4.(北京师范大学2002年考题)Youarerequiredtofillintheblanksbelowabidingbytheinstancegivenbeforehand.Example:/p/:voicedbilabialstop/s/:_________________________/g/:_________________________/t

8、ʃ/:________________________/ð/:_________________________/f/:_________________________考点分析：考查用清浊、发音部发音方式三个条件准确描述辅音Answer:/s/:voicelessalveolarfricative/g/:voicedvelars