英语句子成分讲解

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1、英语句子成分讲解一、主语（subject）: 句子说明的人或事物。Thesunrisesintheeast.(名词)Helikesdancing.(代词)Twentyyearsisashorttimeinhistory.(数词)Seeingisbelieving.(动名词)Toseeistobelieve.(不定式)Whatheneedsisabook.(主语从句)Itisveryclearthattheelephantisroundandtalllikeatree.(It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语)二、谓语（predi

2、cate）:说明主语的动作、状态和特征。WestudyEnglish.Heisasleep.三、表语（predicative）:系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。Heisateacher.(名词)Seventy-four!Youdon’tlookit.(代词)Fiveandfiveisten.(数词)Heisasleep.(形容词)Hisfatherisin.(副词)Thepictureisonthewall.(介词短语)Mywatchisgone/missing/lost.(形容词化的分词)Towearafl

3、oweristosay“I’mpoor,Ican’tbuyaring.”(不定式)Thequestioniswhethertheywillcome.(表语从句)常见的系动词有:be,sound(听起来)，look(看起来)，feel(摸起来)，smell(闻起来)，taste(尝、吃起来)，remain(保持，仍是)，feel(感觉)….Itsoundsagoodidea.Thesoundsoundsstrange.Hervoicesoundssweet.Tomlooksthin.Thefoodsmellsdeliciou

4、s.Thefoodtastesgood.Thedoorremainsopen.NowIfeeltired.三、宾语：1)动作的承受者——动宾IlikeChina.(名词)Hehatesyou.(代词)Howmanydoyouneed?Weneedtwo.(数词)Weshouldhelptheoldandthepoor.Ienjoyworkingwithyou.(动名词)Ihopetoseeyouagain.(不定式)Didyouwritedownwhathesaid?(宾语从句)2)介词后的名词、代词和动名词——介宾Are

5、youafraidofthesnake?Underthesnow,therearemanyrocks.3)双宾语——间宾(指人)和直宾(指物)Hegavemeabookyesterday.Givethepoormansomemoney.四、宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。Weelectedhimmonitor.(名词)Weallthinkitapitythatshedidn’tcomehere.(名)Wewillmakethemhappy.(形容词)Wefoundnobodyin.(副词)Pleasemakeyour

6、selfathome.(介词短语)Don’tlethimdothat.(省to不定式)Hisfatheradvisedhimtoteachthelazyboyalesson.(带to不定式)Don’tkeepthelightsburning.(现在分词)I’llhavemybikerepaired.(过去分词)五、主补：对主语的补充。Hewaselectedmonitor.Shewasfoundsinginginthenextroom.Hewasadvisedtoteachthelazyboyalesson.www.oh1

7、00.com六、定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。AiYanlingisachemistryteacher.(名词)Heisourfriend.(代词)Webelongtothethirdworld.(数词)Hewasadvisedtoteachthelazyboyalesson.(形容词)Themanoverthereismyoldfriend.(副词)Thewomanwithababyinherarmsismysister.(介词)TheboysplayingfootballareinCla2.(现在分词)T

8、hetreesplantedlastyeararegrowingwellnow.(过去分词)Ihaveanideatodoitwell.()YoushoulddoeverythingthatIdo.(定语从句)七、状语：用来修饰v.,adj.,adv.,or句子。表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、