英语句子成分讲解1

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1、英语句子成分讲解主语谓语宾语定语状语补语表语一、主语（subject）:句子说明的人或事物。主语一般是放在动词前面。主语一般由名词、代词、动名词或动词不定式(短语)来充当。动名词、动词不定式作主语时通常用it作形式主语。Thesunrisesintheeast.（名词）Helikesdancing（代词）Twentyyearsisashorttimeinhistory.（数词）Seeingisbelieving.（动名词）Toseeistobelieve.（不定式）Whatheneedsisabook.（主语从句）ItisveryimportanttolearnEnglishwell.（It

2、形式主语，tolearnEnglishwell是真正主语）二、谓语（predicate）:说明主语的动作、状态和特征。一般是动词。*一般实义动词#系动词be(amisarewaswere)过去分词been感官动词（look、sound、feel、taste）*情态动词（canmaymustshallshouldwillwouldmight后面必须跟动词原形共同构成谓语）shecan-be--ateacher.WestudyEnglish.Heisasleep.三、表语（predicative）:系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。Heisateacher.（名词）Seventy-f

3、our!Youdon’tlookit.（代词）Fiveandfiveisten.（数词）Heisasleep.（形容词）Hisfatherisin.（副词）Thepictureisonthewall.（介词短语）Mywatchisgone/missing/lost.（形容词化的分词）Towearafloweristosay“I’mpoor,Ican’tbuyaring.”（不定式）Thequestioniswhethertheywillcome.（表语从句）常见的系动词有:be,sound（听起来），look（看起来），feel（摸起来），smell（闻起来），taste（尝、吃起来），re

4、main（保持，仍是），feel（感觉）….Itsoundsagoodidea.Thesoundsoundsstrange.Hervoicesoundssweet.Tomlooksthin.Thefoodsmellsdelicious.Thefoodtastesgood.Thedoorremainsopen.NowIfeeltired.三、宾语一般跟在动词后面1）动作的承受者——动宾IlikeChina.（名词）Hehatesyou.（代词）Howmanydoyouneed?Weneedtwo.（数词）Weshouldhelptheoldandthepoor.Ienjoyworkingwit

5、hyou.（动名词）Ihopetoseeyouagain.（不定式）Didyouwritedownwhathesaid?（宾语从句）2）介词后的名词、代词和动名词——介宾Areyouafraidofthesnake?Underthesnow,therearemanyrocks.3）双宾语——间宾（指人）和直宾（指物）Hegavemeabookyesterday.Givethepoormansomemoney.四、宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。Weelectedhimmonitor.（名词）Weallthinkitapitythatshedidn’tcomehere.（名）Wewill

6、makethemhappy.（形容词）Wefoundnobodyin.(副词)Pleasemakeyourselfathome.(介词短语）Don’tlethimdothat.（省to不定式）Hisfatheradvisedhimtoteachthelazyboyalesson.（带to不定式）Don’tkeepthelightsburning.（现在分词）I’llhavemybikerepaired.（过去分词）五、主补：对主语的补充。Hewaselectedmonitor.Shewasfoundsinginginthenextroom.Hewasadvisedtoteachthelazy

7、boyalesson.www.rr365.com六、定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。AiYanlingisachemistryteacher.（名词）Heisourfriend.（代词）Webelongtothethirdworld.（数词）Hewasadvisedtoteachthelazyboyalesson.（形容词）Themanoverthereismyoldfriend.(副词)Thew